What is Multicultural Education in Higher Education

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What is Multicultural Education in Higher
Education?

• A Scholarly Response to Cultural Pluralism in the
  Academy

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Views on Multicultural Education

• Historical
• Affirmative Action
• Assimilationist
• Human Relations
• Social Justice
• Transformative

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What is Multicultural Education?

• An approach to teaching and learning that is
  based upon democratic values and benefits
• Affirms cultural pluralism within culturally
  diverse societies in an interdependent world.
• It argues that the primary goal of public
  education is to foster intellectual, social, and
  personal development of all student to their
  highest potential. (Bennett, 2003)

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A Conceptual Framework for Multicultural Teaching

• Bennetts 12 Genres
• Bennett (2001) Genres of Research on
  Multicultural Education. Review of Education
  Research 71, (2) pp. 171-217

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Genres Conceptual Framework

• Illustrates the complex multidisciplinary roots
  of multicultural education.
• The primary objective is to provide educational
  researchers and teacher educators with a lens as
  they design new (or rethink existing) inquiry and
  teacher preparation programs in the
  meta-disciplinary field of multicultural
  education.
• The framework also invites a rethinking of the
  genres as it relates to underscore hopeful
  possibilities for practice.

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Genres of Multicultural Education
Multicultural Education
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Genres of Multicultural Education
Detecting Bias in Texts, Media, and Educational
Materials
Historical Inquiry
Curriculum Theory
Curriculum Reform
Multicultural Education
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Genres of Multicultural Education
Detecting Bias in Texts, Media, and Educational
Materials
Demographics
Culture and Race in Popular Culture
Social Action
Historical Inquiry
Curriculum Theory
Curriculum Reform
Teaching Toward Social Justice
Multicultural Education
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Genres of Multicultural Education
Detecting Bias in Texts, Media, and Educational
Materials
Demographics
Culture and Race in Popular Culture
Social Action
Historical Inquiry
Curriculum Theory
Curriculum Reform
Teaching Toward Social Justice
Multicultural Education
Equity Pedagogy
School and Classroom Climates
Cultural Styles in Teaching and Learning
Student Achievement
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Genres of Multicultural Education
Detecting Bias in Texts, Media, and Educational
Materials
Demographics
Culture and Race in Popular Culture
Social Action
Historical Inquiry
Curriculum Theory
Curriculum Reform
Teaching Toward Social Justice
Multicultural Education
Equity Pedagogy
Multicultural Competence
Ethnic Identity
Prejudice Reduction
Ethnic Group Culture
School and Classroom Climates
Cultural Styles in Teaching and Learning
Student Achievement
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What is Inclusive Pedagogy?

• Advocates teaching practices that embrace the
  whole student in the learning process (Adams,
  1992, Banks, 1991, Darder, 1996, Giroux
  McLaren, 1996, hooks, 1994).
• Students enter the classroom as personal,
  political, and intellectual beings (Reyes, Smith,
  Yazzi, Hussein, Tuitt, 2001).

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Consequences of Inclusive Pedagogy

• Zimmerman (1991) found inclusive pedagogy
  increases opportunities for student interaction
  during the learning process and a sense of
  community in the classroom.
• Baker (1998) advocated for 3 components 1) the
  synthesis of faculty-student relationships 2)
  issues of instructional design and 3)
  understanding perceptual barriers.

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Characteristics of Inclusive Pedagogy

• Faculty-Student Social Interaction (Baker,1998)
• Sharing Power (hooks, 1994)
• Dialogical Professor- Student Interaction
• Activation of Student Voice (Burbules and Rice,
  1993, Young, 1996)
• Utilization of Personal Narratives

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Instructional Design Issues

• Student Centered
• Collaboration
• Cultural Fit
• Awareness of Different Learning Styles
• Fluid and Reflective Practice

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What Will a Course Look Like After Multicultural
Change?

• Kitanos Model for Course and Syllabus Change
• Morey, A.I Kitano, M.K. (1997). Multicultural
  Course Transformation in Higher Education A
  Broader Truth. Boston Allyn Bacon

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What do we hope to achieve for a particular
course?

• Support diverse students acquisition of
  traditional subject matter knowledge and skills.
• Help students acquire a more accurate or
  comprehensive knowledge of subject matter.
• Encourage student to accept themselves and others.

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What do we hope to achieve for a particular
course?

• Understand the history, traditions, and
  perspectives of specific groups.
• Help students value diversity and equity.
• Equip all students to work actively towards a
  more democratic society.

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Kitanos Levels of Change
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Kitanos 4 Elements for Multicultural Course
Transformation
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CONTENT

• To identify the levels of multicultural course
  transformation within the course content, review
  Kitanos paradigm.

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Content Example
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Content Example
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Content Example
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Instructional Strategies and Activities

• Kitanos levels of multicultural course
  transformation within the instruction.

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Instructional Example
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Instructional Example
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Instructional Example
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Assessment of Student Knowledge

• Kitanos levels of multicultural course
  transformation within the assessment.

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Assessment Example
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Assessment Example
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Assessment Example
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Classroom Dynamics

• Kitanos levels of multicultural course
  transformation within the classroom dynamics.

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Classroom Dynamics Example
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Classroom Dynamics Example
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Classroom Dynamics Example
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Reflect on the Nature of Your Teaching

• Content
• Teaching Strategies and Activities
• Assessment
• Classroom Dynamics