Richard Woodward President Sierra Environmental Services, Houston, TX Richard Sloan Remediation Mana

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Richard Woodward PresidentSierra
Environmental Services, Houston, TX Richard
SloanRemediation Manager Lyondell Chemical
Company, Channelview, TX NICOLE Network
Meeting18-19 April 2002National Research
Council of Italy, Pisa Italy
Consideration of Stakeholder Concerns in the
Development of Site Characterization Plans and
Deployment of Resources
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Objective

• Identification of Stakeholders and
  acknowledgement of their concerns during
• Characterization plan development
• Plan execution and
• Resource deployment
• Creates the foundation of confidence, comfort
  and trust needed for flexible interpretation of
  appropriate regulatory standards and legislative
  constraints.

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Stakeholders

• Authorities, agencies, regulators
• Industry, the regulated community
• Academia/researchers
• Special interest groups, environmental advocates
• Contractors, consultants and other service
  providers
• Community leaders, potential receptors

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Warrington
E - ETBE
B - Benzene
M - MTBE
I - Isooctane
T - Ethanol
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Acknowledge Stakeholder Concerns

• Equal Partners Agencies, Contractors,
  Industries sensitivity to needs and concerns
• Cost effective management of the issues
• Open information sharing Independent Quality
  Assurace Team (IQAT) to promote credibility,
  trust and comfort
• Acknowledged convergence of interests
• Common objectives

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W. Massachusetts Gas Station - Site

• 15-20 of sand and gravel over 70-80 of
  interbedded fine sand and silt also cobble layer
• Bedrock at 90-150 bgs across the study area
• Depth to GW 15-25 (seasonal), perched water
  table in study area
• Complex geologic conditions
• Commercial/industrial area with other releases
• Public water supply wells 1,500 downgradient
  from gasoline release area

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W. Massachusetts Gas Station - Release

• 1989
• UST failed soon after installation
• Weld failure
• 12,000 gallons of gasoline released 2 releases
  of premium gasoline
• Owner failed to notify DEP and no remedial action
  for 2 months
• Installed three recovery wells at the release
  site to capture plume and remove floating product
• Installed monitoring wells to evaluate plume
  migration

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SVE and MPE Treatment Shed
TigheBond
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W. Massachusetts Gas Station - Release

• Indoor air sampling at station indicated minimal
  impacts
• Consultant opinion plume is contained on
  station property
• DEP required downgradient investigation
• 1993 - Elevated MTBE detected in a deep MW
  approximately 550 downgradient of the site
• Elevated benzene arrived 2 years later
• Installed 4th recovery well at downgradient
  property 90-100 feet bgs to sanitary sewer

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Total VOCs Under Pumping Conditions (1999)
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Perched Water Between Source Well Field
TigheBond
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Flexibility in Appropriate Regulatory Standards
and Legislative Constraints

• Risk Based Corrective Action
• Expedited remedial action
• Voluntary corrective action
• Brownfield Development Incentives

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Site Assessment

• Basic Objectives
• Define the nature and extent of the affected soil
  and groundwater and the risk to the public health
  and the environment
• Determine the site-specific critical issues that
  drive the overall response action
• Develop the technical basis for a timely,
  cost-effective, and environmentally sound
  response plan

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Site Assessment

• Principles
• Driven by need to effectively manage the site and
  to protect the public health and the environment
• Evaluate local media soil, surface water,
  groundwater, and air
• Identify at-risk receptors and likely exposure
  pathways. Focus on these first
• Determine all chemicals of concern
• Focus on source definition and control second
• Focus on dissolved plumes third
• Develop sufficient data to manage all site issues

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Subsurface Definition

• Series of vertical transects
• Cx,y,z fKx,y,z, where
• C contaminant distribution
• K hydraulic conductivity distribution
• Effects of heterogeneity on migration
• Three dimensional perspectives
• Coring (continuous, split-spoon, etc.)
• Geophysics (borehole surface)
• CPT (3-channel and piezocone)

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Direct Push Rig

• Quick (samples/day)
• Cost-effective
• Access tight spaces
• Delineate stratigraphy
• Identify high/low K zones
• May reduce number of core samples required
• Depth limited

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20 Ton CPT Truck
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Example CPT Profiles
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Traditional Site Assessment1,2-DCA SiteShallow
Zone
1,2-DCA SiteDeeper Zone
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Membrane Interface Probe System (MIPS)
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Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF)CPT Rod With
Sapphire Window
Rapid Optical Screening Tool (ROST) systems.
The Site Characterization and Analysis
Penetrometer System (SCAPS)
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3D Contaminant Characterization
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Discrete Multi-Layer Samples (DMLS)

• Vertical contamination distribution within
  sampled intervals
• Tracer dilution used to estimate K distribution

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Results from Different Sampling Methods
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Wilson Cost Study on 311 Site Assessments((B.H.Wi
lson Battelle Hydrocarbons Conference, Monterey,
CA 2002)

• 183 SC, 53 KS, 32 NY, 43 ME, TX, CA, IL
• 276 service station/petroleum
• 275 service station
• 32 impacted drinking water wells or
  supplies
• 3 hazardous waste sites

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Estimate of Site Assessment Cost

• Mean cost - 146,143 (SC)
• Mean cost - 279,022 (128 sites non-SC)
• Mean cost - 231,270 (93 sites non-SC, service
  station/petroleum)
• Site assessment estimate -85,000 to 130,000

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French Limited Site

• Isolated DNAPL pockets
• Rebound when natural gradient was reestablished
• Detailed analysis of active remediation effects
• Focused site assessment

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Conclusion

• Identification of Stakeholders and
  acknowledgement of their concerns during
• Characterization plan development
• Plan execution and
• Resource deployment
• Creates the foundation of confidence, comfort
  and trust needed for flexible interpretation of
  appropriate regulatory standards and legislative
  constraints.

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Resources

• Field analytics Dynamic workplanning
  http//cluin.org/tiopersp/issue.cfm
• Applying the Concept of Effective Data to
  Environmental Analyses for Contaminated Sites
  (EPA 542-R-01-013)
• Using the Triad Approach to Improve the
  Cost-effectiveness of Hazardous Waste Site
  Cleanups (EPA 542-R-01-016)
• TechDirect Clean-up Information
  http//clu-in.org