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SOSC005 Government and Politics

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China declared that Patten proposal had 'three violations' (???): (a) violate Joint Declaration ... Patten proposal was passed and elections in 94-5 were based ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: SOSC005 Government and Politics


1
SOSC005 Government and Politics
  • Lecture 2
  • Political Development and Change

2
(A) Major Events before 80s
  • Relative low participation before 67, due to
  • lack of channels
  • economic hardship
  • refugee society
  • lack of identification with HK
  • high-handedness towards
  • public protests

3
Political Effect of 67 riots
  • Leftists became very unpopular.
  • - more ve impression towards colonial govt.
  • - more -ve attitude towards Chi govt.
    communism.
  • Welfare and labor reforms in 70s
  • Colonial govt. began to listen more to public
    opinion and more tolerant of protests in 70s
    so-called consultative democracy (?????)

4
  • Student movements and pressure group movements
    demanded social reforms from colonial govt. but
    seldom touched on issues of political reform.
  • Local educated youth began to become more
    concerned about HK.
  • Major political dividing line between Right
    (pro-KMT (???) masses) Left (pro-CCP masses).

5
(B) Politicization Democratization in 80s 90s
  • Sino-British negotiations in 82-84 politicized HK
    population.
  • Britain began to push limited democratization
    with District Board(???) elections in 82.
  • Political groups began to participate in partial
    elections and demand democratization.

6
  • Joint Declaration
  • post-97 Legco will be constituted by elections
  • CE will be selected by consultation or elections
    locally
  • JCPDG (?????????/???) pushed for a
    directly-elected CE and a fully-elected Legco.
  • Chinese govt. not favor rapid democratic devt in
    HK. HK business sector was also largely
    conservative.

7
  • Drafting process of the Basic Law (85-90) was a
    struggle b/w several forces and arrived at a
    formula of quite gradual democratization. Method
    of election for the CE Legco was quite weighted
    in favor of business professional sectors.

8
The British Dimension
  • Before 89, British thought that Chi govt. did not
    agree to rapid democratization in HK.
  • The concept of through train (???)
  • Britain cooperated with China and delayed
    democratization in HK, not going to antagonize
    China over issue of democracy in HK.

9
89 Tiananmen Crackdown
  • HK people became more supportive of democracy and
    afraid of China
  • Confidence in HK weakened
  • Beijing became more wary of effect of HK on
    mainland politics
  • Chinas intl image was tarnished British govt.
    was under pressure to do sth about HK.

10
  • Conservative Govt. was under pressure from
    opposition, media, from HK, and intl community,
    on what protection it could give to HK people
    after 1997.
  • Britain changed its policy to more
    confrontational against China, on issue of
    democracy. Appointing Chris Patten (???) as the
    last Governor was a result.

11
Pattens Reform Package
  • (a) lower the voting age from 21 to 18
  • (b) abolish all appointed seats (about 1/3) in
    District Boards and Municipal Councils
  • (c) expand franchise of FC to all 2.7 million of
    working population of HK
  • (d) Election Committee will be formed by all
    District Board members.
  • (e) 20 directly-elected seats by single-member
    constituency system(??????)

12
  • China declared that Patten proposal had three
    violations (???)
  • (a) violate Joint Declaration
  • (b) violate Basic Law,
  • (c ) violate secret agreement b/w Chi
    British Foreign Ministers in 90.
  • Patten proposal was passed and elections in 94-5
    were based on Pattens formula.
  • China disbanded the elected councils in 97 and
    changed electoral formulas afterwards.

13
Political effects of Pattern Debate
  • Further hurt the relationship between the Central
    Govt and the democrats
  • (b) Political scene in HK more polarized with
    more hostilities b/t different political forces
  • (c ) Chinas suspicions on former colonial
    officials, indirectly drove them to pick an
    outsider (C. H. Tung) as the first CE

14
(C) Debate on Democratization after 97
  • Few debates on issue of democratization before
    2003
  • Non-elected nature of SAR government, and FC
    seats remained a subject of attack for democrats
    and other critics.
  • Non-elected nature created pressures to
    legitimize the govt. by performance.

15
  • Post-97 system unable to cope with
  • rising demands from the public for participation
  • increasingly critical media and the masses
  • rising expectations on govt. performance
  • increased complexity of governing issues
  • various difficulties facing HK after 97.
  • Bad performance of SAR govt (and Tung) and econ
    downturn fueled demand for political reform by
    03.
  • Article 23 debate as a triggering pt.

16
(D) Article 23 Political Development of HKSAR
  • Article 23 ??????????????????????????????????????
    ??????????,???????????????????????????,???????????
    ?????????????????????????

17
  • Sep 02, SAR govt.s proposals
  • Vagued Legislation
  • Fear of hurting HKs freedom
  • Bad attitude of Regina Ip
  • Econ hardship by SARS
  • Govts inability to handle SARS
  • 500,000 march on Jul 1 03
  • Article 23 legislation was dropped. Movement
    quickly transformed to demand direct election of
    CE by 07 and Legco fully-elected in 08

18
  • Article 45 of the Basic Law??????????????????????
    ?????????????,????????????????????????????????????
    ?
  • Article 68??????????????????????????????????,????
    ??????????????.

19
  • BL Annexes I and II only specify election methods
    for CE and Legco up to 07/08.
  • Changing it needs 2/3 of Legco members, CE, and
    to NPCSC (????) for record or approval.
  • NPCSC verdict on 26/4/04 ruled that
  • CE in 07 wont be elected by universal suffrage
  • proportion of functional and directly-elected
    seats wont be changed in 08.
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