Kahramanmaras St Imam niversitesi KahramanmarasTRKIYE

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SULEYMAN ARMAGAN
GEORRAPHIC LOCATION OF TURKEY AND ECONOMY
KONYA/KARAPINAR
Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam Üniversitesi
Kahramanmaras/TÜRKIYE
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Information About Turkey
Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the
Anatolian remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire
by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later
honored with the title Ataturk, or "Father of the
Turks." Under his authoritarian leadership, the
country adopted wide-ranging social, legal, and
political reforms. After a period of one-party
rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led
to the 1950 election victory of the opposition
Democratic Party and the peaceful transfer of
power. Since then, Turkish political parties have
multiplied, but democracy has been fractured by
periods of instability and intermittent military
coups (1960, 1971, 1980), which in each case
eventually resulted in a return of political
power to civilians.
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In 1997, the military again helped engineer the
ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" -
of the then Islamic-oriented government. Turkey
intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to
prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has
since acted as patron state to the "Turkish
Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey
recognizes.
Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it
became a member of NATO. In 1964, Turkey became
an associate member of the European Community
over the past decade, it has undertaken many
reforms to strengthen its democracy and economy,
enabling it to begin accession membership talks
with the European Union.
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Geographic Location of Turkey
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• Location Southeastern Europe and Southwestern
  Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus
  is geographically part of Europe), bordering the
  Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and
  bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean
  Sea, between Greece and Syria.
• Geographic coordinates 39 00 N, 35 00 E
• Map references Middle East
• Area
• total 780,580 sq km
• land 770,760 sq km
• water 9,820 sq km

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Turkey is located in the northern hemisphere
between the 36º - 42º northern parallel and the
26º - 45º eastern meridian. It has an area of
783,562 square km. Turkey borders the Black Sea,
the Mediterranean, the Aegean and the Marmara Sea
and has a total coastline of 8333 km.
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Turkey has land borders of 269 km with Bulgaria,
203 km with Greece, 276 km with Georgia, 325 km
with Armenia, 18 km with Azerbaijan (Nahjivan),
529 km. with Iran, 378 km with Iraq and 877 km
with Syria. The highest mountain is Mount Ararat
with 5137 m. This is followed by Buzul Mountain
(4116 m), Uludoruk (4135 m), Süphan Mountain
(4058 m), Erciyes Mountain (3917 m) and Small
Mount Ararat (3896 m). Its biggest lake is Lake
Van with 3712 square km. It is followed by Tuz
Gölü with 1500 square km. Its longest river is
Kizilirmak with 1355 km. 1263 km of the Euphrates
River and 523 km. of the Tigris, both of which
originate in Turkey, are located within the
countrys borders.
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Geography location South-western Asia (that part
west of the Bosphorus is sometimes included with
Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between
Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean
Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and
Syria.
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Bosphorus One of the worlds most strategic
waterways, Bosphorus is the strait between the
Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara it is an
inundated valley that follows an irregular
northeast-southwest course 32km (20 miles) long,
730-3300m (800-3600 yards) wide, 30-120m
(100-395ft) deep.
Known in Turkish as Bogazici (the Strait), it
links the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara and,
with the Dardanelles (in Canakkale), separates
Europe from Asia.
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Seas of Turkey
Black Sea Black Sea (Karadeniz in Turkish) lies
to the north of Turkey, bordering with two
regions Marmara and Black Sea. Besides Turkey,
other countries that circle the Black Sea are
Bulgaria, Romania, Russia, Ukraine, and Georgia.
It's connected to the Sea of Marmara with the
Bosphorus Strait in the southwest. Some of the
important ports on the Black Sea are Istanbul,
Trabzon, Samsun, Sinop, Burgas, Varna, Constanza,
Yalta, Odessa, Sevastopol, Kerch, Novorossiysk,
Sochi, Sukhumi, Poti, and Batumi.
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Black Sea is an inland sea covering an area of
about 420thousand square kilometers reaching at
2206 meters in its deepest point. Below 200
meters the oxygen level in the water is very low
so marine life is very limited below this depth.
Most known fish they catch in the Black Sea are
Black Sea turbot, gurnard, and small sharks.
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Sea of Marmara Sea of Marmara (Marmara Denizi in
Turkish) is an inland sea within the Marmara
region connecting to the Black Sea with the
Bosphorus Strait in the northeast, and to the
Aegean with the Dardanelles Strait in the
southwest. It lies between Thrace and Anatolia
parts of Turkey, covering an area of over
11thousand square kilometers. It is approximately
280 km long from northeast to southwest and about
80 km wide at its greatest width. Its maximum
depth reaches 1355 meters near the center.
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Aegean Sea Aegean Sea (Ege Denizi in Turkish) is
a part of Mediterranean Sea lying between Turkey
and Greece. There is Mediterranean Sea to the
south, Greek Peninsula to the west, Anatolia and
part of Thrace to the east. It's connected to the
Sea of Marmara by Dardanelles Strait to the
northeast. It covers an area of 214thousand
square kilometers, stretching for about 660
kilometers from north to south, and reaching at a
maximum depth of 3543 meters. Tides are very
limited in the Aegean Sea.
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Mediterranean Sea Mediterranean Sea (Akdeniz in
Turkish) is surrounded by Asia to the east,
Europe to the north and Africa to the south. It's
connected to the Atlantic Ocean to the west with
Gibraltar Strait. It's also connected to the Red
Sea in the southeast with the Suez Canal in
Egypt, a man-made canal built in 1869. And to the
east it's connected to the Sea of Marmara by
Dardanelles Strait. Aegean and Marmara Seas are
often considered as a part of the Mediterranean
Sea. The sea gave also its name to the
Mediterranean region of Turkey. Mediterranean
covers about 2,5million square kilometers
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ECONOMIC POTENTIAL IN TURKEY
Turkey's dynamic economy is a complex mix of
modern industry and commerce along with a
traditional agriculture sector that still
accounts for more than 35 of employment. It has
a strong and rapidly growing private sector, yet
the state still plays a major role in basic
industry, banking, transport, and communication.
The largest industrial sector is textiles and
clothing, which accounts for one-third of
industrial employment it faces stiff competition
in international markets with the end of the
global quota system. However, other sectors,
notably the automotive and electronics
industries, are rising in importance within
Turkey's export mix. Real GNP growth has exceeded
6 in many years, but this strong expansion has
been interrupted by sharp declines in output in
1994, 1999, and 2001.
The public sector fiscal deficit exceeds 6 of
GDP - due in large part to high interest
payments, which accounted for about 37 of
central government spending in 2004. Prior to
2005, foreign direct investment (FDI) in Turkey
averaged less than 1 billion annually, but
further economic and judicial reforms and
prospective EU membership are expected to boost
FDI. Privatization sales are currently
approaching 21 billion.
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GDP (purchasing power parity) 584.5 billion
(2005 est.) GDP (official exchange rate)
332.5 billion (2005 est.) GDP - real growth
rate 7.4 (2005 est.) GDP - per capita (PPP)
8,400 (2005 est.) GDP - composition by
sector agriculture 11.7 industry
29.8 services 58.5 (2005 est.) Labor force
24.7 million note about 1.2 million Turks work
abroad (2005 est.) Labor force - by occupation
agriculture 35.9industry 22.8 services
41.2 (3rd qtr. 2004)
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Unemployment rate 10.2 plus underemployment of
4 (2005 est.) Population below poverty line
20 (2002) Household income or consumption by
percentage share lowest 10 2.3 highest
10 30.7 (2000) Distribution of family income
- Gini index 42 (2003) Inflation rate (consumer
prices) 8.2 (2005 est.) Investment (gross
fixed) 19.6 of GDP (2005 est.)
Budget revenues 93.58 billion expenditures
115.3 billion including capital expenditures of
NA (2005 est.) Public debt 68 of GDP (2005
est.)
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Agriculture - products tobacco, cotton, grain,
olives, sugar beets, pulse, citrus livestock
Industries textiles, food processing, autos,
electronics, mining (coal, chromite, copper,
boron), steel, petroleum, construction, lumber,
paper Industrial production growth rate 5.9
(2005 est.) Electricity - production 133.6
billion kWh (2003) Electricity - production by
source fossil fuel 79.3 hydro 20.4
nuclear 0 other 0.3 (2001) Electricity -
consumption 140.3 billion kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports 600 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports 1.2 billion kWh (2002)
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Oil - production 50,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - consumption 715,100 bbl/day (2005 est.)
Oil - exports 46,110 bbl/day (2001) Oil -
imports 616,500 bbl/day (2001) Oil - proved
reserves 288.4 million bbl (1 January 2002)
Natural gas - production 560 million cu m
(2003 est.) Natural gas - consumption 22.6
billion cu m (2005 est.) Natural gas - exports
0 cu m (2001 est.) Natural gas - imports 15.75
billion cu m (2001 est.) Natural gas - proved
reserves 8.495 billion cu m (1 January 2002)
Current account balance -23.08 billion (2005
est.)
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Exports 72.49 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.)
Exports - commodities apparel, foodstuffs,
textiles, metal manufactures, transport equipment
Exports - partners Germany 12.9, UK 8.1,
Italy 7.6, US 6.7, France 5.2, Spain 4.1
(2005) Imports 101.2 billion f.o.b. (2005
est.) Imports - commodities machinery,
chemicals, semi-finished goods, fuels, transport
equipment Imports - partners Germany 11.7,
Russia 11, Italy 6.5, China 5.9, France 5, US
4.6, UK 4 (2005) Reserves of foreign exchange
and gold 52.49 billion (2005 est.)
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Debt - external 170.1 billion (2005 est.)
Economic aid - recipient ODA, 635.8 million
(2002) Currency (code) Turkish lira (YTL) old
Turkish lira (TRL) before 1 January 2005
Currency code TRL, YTL Exchange rates
Turkish liras per US dollar - 1.3436 (2005),
1.4255 (2004), 1.5009 (2003), 1.5072 (2002),
1.2256 (2001) note on 1 January 2005 the old
Turkish Lira (TRL) was converted to new Turkish
Lira (YTL) at a rate of 1,000,000 old to 1 new
Turkish Lira Fiscal year calendar year
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