Education and Political Tolerance

1
Education and Political Tolerance
High
Political Tolerance
Medium
Low
Low
Medium
High
Education
2
Education and Political Tolerance
High
Political Tolerance
Medium
Low
Low
Medium
High
Education
3
Education and Political Tolerance - High IQ
High
Political Tolerance
Medium
Low
Low
Medium
High
Education
4
Education and Political Tolerance - Low IQ
High
Political Tolerance
Medium
Low
Low
Medium
High
Education
5
Variance and Standard Deviation
6
Var x Var y
1 -100 1 -100 2 10 3 100 3 100 1 -100 1 -100 2 10
3 100 3 100 1 -100 1 -100 2 10 3 100 3 100 1 -100
1 -100 2 10 3 100 3 100
7
Mean x mean of a sample µ mean of a
population Sum of observations/ number of
observation
8
Lovar HIvar 1 -100 1 -100 2 10 3 100 3 100 1 -100
1 -100 2 10 3 100 3 100 1 -100 1 -100 2 10 3 100
3 100 1 -100 1 -100 2 10 3 100 3 100
9
3.5
3.0
2.5
LOVAR
2.0
1.5
1.0
.5
200
100
0
-100
-200
HIVAR
10
Variance

• Sum of squared deviation from the mean / n-1
• (1 2)2 (1 2)2 (2 2)2 (3 2)2 (3
  2)2 (1 2)2 (2 2)2 (3 2)2 (3 2)2
  
• (1 2)2 (1 2)2 (2 2)2 (3 2)2 (3
  2)2 (1 2)2 (2 2)2 (3 2)2 (3 2)2
  /19

11
Standard Deviation
Square root of the Sum of squared deviation from
the mean / n-1
v
(1 2)2 (1 2)2 (2 2)2 (3 2)2 (3
2)2 (1 2)2 (2 2)2 (3 2)2 (3 2)2
(1 2)2 (1 2)2 (2 2)2 (3 2)2
(3 2)2 (1 2)2 (2 2)2 (3 2)2 (3
2)2
19
12
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Types of Variables

• Nominal
• Ordinal
• Ratio
• Interval

14
Nominal Variable
15
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
How carefully did the court consider your side of
the story
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
.5
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Putin
Other federal authorities
Militia or GBDD
Doctors/emergency services
Hostage takers
Moscow city
FSB
Who is mainly guilty for causing your problems
16
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Ordinal Variable
18
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
How carefully did the court consider your side of
the story
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
.5
1.2
1.0
.8
.6
.4
.2
0.0
-.2
Putin first or second most guilty
19
Dummy Variables
20
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21
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22
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