RADIATORS IN RENOVATION

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RADIATORS IN RENOVATION

• MIKKO IIVONEN
• RETTIG VÄRME AB

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We spend indoors on average 90 of our time.
Therefore, it is important that the indoor
conditions are healthy and the air quality is
good. The thermal condition, where air
temperature, air velocity and thermal radiation
are playing a central role, is also one important
factor of comfort. Other air quality elements
like humidity, dust and chemical or microbial
purities are also very essential.
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To keep the indoor climate as good as possible,
properly functioning heating and ventilating
systems are needed. In renovation of buildings
several other activities should be taken into
consideration, like building envelope, including
walls, roof, windows and doors.
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Very often the domestic water and draining
systems and the electrical building services
require improvements, too. These all renovation
areas have functional relativity. That is why by
renovation whole complex should be planned
together when renovating.
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There are many good examples of how a
well-performed building renovation could bring
not only the better indoor climate but even 60
savings in energy and water costs, too.
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In this presentation the heating system
renovation and the radiators are under the loupe.
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When renovating of the heating system, all system
components from the heat source to the single
radiator should be taken into consideration. It
is not enough, at all, to just change some
radiators or valves.
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To get a reliable, well-functioning and long
lasting heating system the first step is to look
at the boiler or the heat exchanger unit in
district heated buildings. The building should be
individually controlled system including the
so-called closed heating network, where the
access of free oxygen is avoided. If there is a
continual addition of fresh water into the
heating system, the result will be corrosion
problems, water leaks and non-function of the
system.
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The oxygen level under 0,1 mg in one litre
heating water is considered practically harmless.
By filling the heat network first time all
ferritic steel surfaces will get a thin magnetite
layer covering and protecting these surfaces. At
same time the free oxygen of filling water is
bind with iron to this magnetite. If there are no
more fresh water additions also the oxygen
corrosion is stopped. As an evidence of this lot
of buildings with steel material radiators even
form 1930 are still in use without any problems.
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CLOSED HEATING NETWORK

• Free oxygen lt 0,1 mg/litre water

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The water flows should be controlled and balanced
by valves. To keep the room temperatures even,
there is a need for quickly reacting radiators
equipped with thermostats, which can bring energy
savings of even about 20-40 .
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Also the network and piping should be plumbed
properly and tightly. There are many oxygen
diffusion tight pipe types available, among them
the copper and multi-layer pipes.
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To ensure that the heating system functions
without hassles, in most renovation cases the old
vertical 1-pipe system should be replaced with a
2-pipe system or horizontal 1-pipe system in each
flat.
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In modernization of radiator heating, there is a
good opportunity to equip the new radiators with
fresh air intake devices. The fresh air needed
for ventilation will be filtered and heated in
the radiator, without risk of cold air draught.
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Other ventilation systems, without preheated air,
do not function faultless, particularly in the
winter conditions. Anyhow, we need to remember
the fact that the buildings, being tight and
well-insulated, must be equipped with mechanical
exhaust ventilation with fans to ensure the
sufficient air change at all conditions.
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In the exterior wall, behind the radiator, is an
air duct through which outdoor air enters the
PURMO Air supply air device and radiator being
filtered and heated at the same time. The suction
necessary is created by the central extract fan.
Clean and fresh air flows into the room without
any noise or draught.
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The fresh air radiator system is also more energy
efficient. Ventilation is demand controlled,
where people are. Properly balanced and
controlled ventilation with PURMO Air optimizes
total energy consumption. Airflow paths are
needed for balanced ventilation, for example with
make-up air grilles in doors or sufficient air
gaps above doorsills.
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For measurement of heat and water consumption in
flats, there are certain piping and measuring
methods. In this way the flat owner or the
building management can, if required, control the
consumption and arrange a fair, consumption based
billing. This energy and water metering require,
however, maintenance, and regular reading, which
should be organized properly.
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• Several radiator types are available for heating
  network renovation and of course for new build,
  too. Here some most noticeable types
• Most popular are the steel panel radiators cause
  of the low cost and wide size and heat output
  ranges.
• Tubular steel radiators are getting more
  attraction
• Convectors are needed in places for low
  construction and high output
• Fresh air radiators are popular in Scandinavian
  countries for supply air intake and at same time
  for heating and filtering the air

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Steel Panels

• Pressed from sheet steel, normally purchased in
  coils
• Composed of one or more panels
• May consist of added heat surface in form of
  convector fins to increase heat transmission
• Take form of welded seam-top or rolled roundtop
  radiator.
• May be delivered naked, compact (with grills and
  side panels), with or without integrated valve
  mechanism (Ventilheizkörper), with or without
  flat front (Plan or Glatte)

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Towel Warmers/Bathroom Radiators

• May be made from steel, brass or aluminium
• Usually of tubular constrcution consisting of
  either round, or flattened tube which are
  assembled togther (usually welded) in the form of
  ladder or other simple or decortaive formats
• Painted or chrome/gold plated
• May function on hot water, electric or both
  energies
• Principal purpose to dry towels but often sized
  to heat entire bathromm (other rdaitors panels or
  column may be added to increase output)

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Convectors

• Made of 100 steel or steel, casing surrounding
  copper tubes with internal aluminium fins
• Configured so the proportion of convected heat is
  significantly higher than the proportion of
  radiated heat
• Term often applied to decorative (non-steel
  panel) radiators under 300mm high
• Often placed before windows in homes or shops,
  minimising sight obstruction
• Not to be confused with fan coils or fan
  convetors where ventilators are added to increase
  output

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Other Steel1. Tubular Column

• Tubular Column radiator formed from steel tube
  welded to pressed metal top and bottoms, but made
  to look like traditional column (previously made
  in cast iron)
• Elements assembled or welded together to form
  necessary radiator lengths

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PURMO PLAN VKO - with integrated valve
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Installation dimensions for PA -models
Radiator type 11 is equipped with a splined
gasket to direct airflow radiator types 22 and
33 with direction walls. The distance between the
floor and the lower edge of the radiator is
recommended to be 150 mm the minimum is 100 mm.
Monclac brackets are used in the installation.
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Installation dimensions for PA -models - Single
installation
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Installation dimensions for PA -models
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PURMO Air's supply may be shut down simply by
turning the air filter through 90o. This might be
needed for example in case of fire or gas
emergency.
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PURMO Air service cover is opened for cleaning
and replacing the air filter. Duct surfaces
should be dry cleaned using a vacuum cleaner or
brush.
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PURMO Air is equipped with an air filter class F7
(EN-779).