Instructional Technology and Media for the Classroom

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Instructional Technology and Media for the
Classroom
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Why Use Visuals?

• The audience is 43 more likely to be persuaded
• Same material can be covered in 25-40 less time
• Retention is improved up to 38
• David Peoples (1992), Presentations Plus, John
  Wiley and Sons.

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Why Use Visuals?

• The presenter is perceived as being
• More professional
• More persuasive
• More credible
• More interesting
• Better prepared
• David Peoples (1992), Presentations Plus, John
  Wiley and Sons.

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Types of Visual Media

• Chalk/White Board
• Flip Chart
• Posters
• Actual Objects
• Flannel Board
• Bulletin Board
• Opaque Projector
• Overhead projector
• Slides

• PowerPoint presentations
• Films and Videos
• World Wide Web
• Computer software
• Miscellaneous
• embedded objects in plastic resin
• words written on glove fingers

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Chalk/White Board

• Every room has one - use them
• Write LARGE and legible
• Always title what you put on the board
• Compartments of the ruminant stomach
• Parts of the flower
• Dont teach to the board
• Avoid turning your back to the students for long
  periods of time

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Flip Chart

• Can be prepared in advance
• Easy to make and use
• A good change of pace
• Relatively inexpensive
• Can utilize color
• Portable
• Turning pages reveal information and paces your
  presentation

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Posters

• Portable
• Good for diagrams, illustrations or collections
• leaves
• insects
• seeds

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Actual Objects

• Whenever possible, bring actual objections into
  the class
• sparkplug
• oxy-acetylene rig
• plants
• chicken
• tools
• Keep the object out of sight until ready to use
  (play on curiosity)

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Flannel Board

• An oldie but goody
• 3 x 3 Board is covered with flannel
• Pieces of flannel are cut out in shapes and stuck
  to the board
• Great for teaching landscape design
• Words can be written on strips of paper (with
  little bits of sandpaper glued to the back)

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Bulletin Board

• Can communicate information
• Should be changed regularly
• Good activity for students

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Opaque Projector

• A real dinosaur
• Used to project pages of a book or actual objects
  (provided they are thin)

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Overhead Transparency

• Can cover more material
• Prepared in advance
• Face the class
• Professional looking
• Can skip material
• Can use a cheat sheet easily
• Can use over and over

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Slides

• A smart teacher will carry a camera at all times
• Slides of student projects make excellent
  teaching aides

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PowerPoint Presentation

• Used by cutting edge teachers
• Has various features that can hold the classes
  attention
• Projected through
• A LCD projector on the overhead
• A converter hooked to a television
• A video projector
• More later...

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Films and Videos

• Films and filmstrips are rapidly disappearing
• Sources of Free Videos
• Venard Films
• Farm Film Foundation
• At the start of the year, order videos for the
  entire year

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World Wide Web/Computer Software

• Thousands of agriculture sites can be accessed
• There is considerable agricultural software
  titles
• They can be projected using the same technology
  as PowerPoint presentations

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Principles of Designing Visuals

• Avoid using all upper case
• Eliminate unnecessary words
• Use consistent fonts, sizes and weights
• Remember the six-by-six rule
• Limit type faces and type sizes

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How big should the letters be?

• A transparency held up (no projector) should be
  readable at six feet.

A A A
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How big should the letters be?

• You should be able to read a slide held at arms
  length.

A A A
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How big should the letters be?

• For computer generated presentations, use the
  pre-designed templates in the presentation
  program
• If electronic presentation on television, use a
  40 font, sans serif

A A A
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Color and Design

• Dark colors make the best background for slides
  and slide shows
• Light colors are best for overheads
• Use clip art sparingly
• Keep the same design through out the presentation

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Electronic Presentations

• Dont get carried away on different transition
  effects!
• Use sound in moderation
• Use animation in moderation

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Major Presentation Programs

• PowerPoint
• Harvard Graphics
• Corel Presentations
• Astound
• Freelance
• Persuasion

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Steps in Preparing a PowerPoint Presentation

• Open the PowerPoint Program
• Select a template
• A template is a predesigned format for a
  presentation.

I say, er I say how many templates comes with
PowerPoint?
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Sound

• CD tracks can be played!

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Preparing Presentations

• After text, graphics (clip art and video), and
  sounds are in the presentation then
• Make text builds, animations and slide
  transitions
• Slide Show - Custom Animations
• Add other special effects
• Slide Show - Action Settings
• Quick and Dirty shortcuts

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Adding Pizzaz!

• For simple animations, insert a clip art graphic
  on to your slide and then add an appropriate
  animation effect from the slide show menu
• A sports car clip art was placed above this red
  section on the right edge.
• Then crawl from left was selected from the
  animation effects menu.

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Non-Linear Presentations

• Prepare all your slides
• On the home slide insert clip art, objects or
  words for people to click on to go other places
• For each launch point
• Slide Show
• Action Settings...
• Hyperlink to
• Slide

Click here to see an example
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Odds and Ends

• Links to Web sites can be inserted in PowerPoint
  (must have the URL)
• If the computer is connected to the Internet, you
  will go to the web site
• Slide Show
• Action Settings
• Hyperlink to
• URL

http//www.presentations.com/
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Odds and Ends

• YOU can put your PowerPoint presentations on the
  World Wide Web in less than 10 minutes (provided
  you have access to a web server)

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Teaching with the Web