Beyond GPS

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Beyond GPS
Presented by Dean Fledderjohn Kyocera
Wireless The Morey Corp.
1130 a.m. 1200 p.m. Lake Michigan A
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Delivering Solutions
Dean Fledderjohn Kyocera Wireless
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Delivering Solutions
The Morey Corp.
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Global Positioning System (GPS)

• Constellation of 24 Satellites provide worldwide
  coverage
• Each satellite circles the globe twice each day
  at an altitude of 11,000 miles
• System design ensures that a minimum of 4
  satellites are in view from anywhere on earth at
  all times

• 1.5 GHz fixed frequency spread spectrum
• Developed operated by U.S. Government to
  enhance the effectiveness of allied and U.S.
  military forces
• Accuracy to within 3 meters, under ideal
  conditions
• Cost of 12 Billion to develop and build the
  system to supply very accurate location

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Types of GPS found in Cellular Applications

• Stand Alone GPS
• The GPS receiver calculates a position without
  using any assistance data or connection to
  network
• MS-Based
• The GPS receiver calculates the position using
  assistance data from a location server to
  increase cold-start sensitivity and reduce the
  start time for an initial position calculation.

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Types of GPS (continued)

• MS-Assisted
• The GPS receiver uses assistance data from a
  location server to make measurements related to
  its distance from the GPS satellites, then sends
  this information to the location server where the
  position is calculated. This mode also increases
  cold start sensitivity and reduces the start time
  for an initial position calculation.
• MS-Assisted / Hybrid
• Wireless network information is added to GPS
  measurements as part of the position calculation
  by the location server, integrating the relative
  strengths of GPS information and available
  wireless network location information for
  increased positioning reliability in difficult
  GPS environments.

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Conventional GPS Receiver Operation

• Conventional GPS 3m 50m Accuracy
• What street corner are you on?
• Provides a level of accuracy similar to AGPS but
  may take from seconds up to a minute from cold
  start and requires stronger satellite signals in
  order to demodulate
• Demodulates the 50 baud satellite navigation
  messages to determine the following
• Exact location of satellites in orbit (ephemeris
  almanac information)
• Clock corrections other data for each satellite
• Measures the time difference of arrival of 4 or
  more satellite signals
• Calculates time, latitude, longitude, altitude,
  velocity bearing

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Assisted GPS (A-GPS) Receiver Operation

• Assisted-GPS provides 3m 50m Accuracy
• What street corner are you on?
• Better than conventional GPS 20dB more
  sensitive than conventional GPS reduces GPS
  cold start times from 1-15 minutes down to only a
  few seconds
• Highest accuracy More accurate than Cell-ID,
  AFLT, ETDOA, OTDOA, Uplink TDOA Provides street
  corner accuracy
• Works in blocked environments

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How Does gpsOne Work?

• A gpsOne-enabled handset ? receives a small
  assistance data message from a network server ?
• The gpsOne enabled handset then reads information
  from GPS satellites ? to measure its distance
  from all the satellites it can see (called
  ranging information)
• The gpsOne enabled handset then uses this ranging
  information to create a position fix, or sends
  the ranging information back to the server where
  it can be combined with network information ? to
  produce an even better fix
• gpsOne also operates in Standalone mode, without
  requiring any assistance data from the network

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Application Considerations

• Costs
• Hardware
• Service Fees
• Frequency of fixes
• How often to locate
• Triggers
• Store and Forward
• Accuracy needs
• Time to First Fix
• Power Consumption

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Beyond GPSPresented by
Dean Fledderjohn Kyocera Wireless Rob
Gephart The Morey Corporation Glen
Allmendinger Harbor Research
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• Beyond GPS Technology
• Global Positioning System (GPS)
• Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS)
  Subtopic Subtopic Subtopic Subtopic
• Wide-Area Augmented GPS / Local Area Augmented
  GPS Subtopic Subtopic Subtopic Subtopic
• Beyond GPS Technology in Action
• Agricultural Landscape Historical Perspective
  Changing Mindshare
• Precision Farming Technology, Components,
  Benefits
• Productivity Productivity Drivers, Technology
  Roadmap
• Return On Investment Precision Farming,
  Adoption, Profitability
• OEM Perspective Integration, Application

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• Beyond GPS Technology in Action
• Agricultural Landscape Historical Perspective
  Changing Mindshare
• Precision Farming Technology, Components,
  Benefits
• Productivity Productivity Drivers, Technology
  Roadmap
• Return On Investment Precision Farming,
  Adoption, Profitability
• OEM Perspective Integration, Application

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• Historical Reference
• Acreage Planted 1950 83 Million Acres of Corn
  in USA
• 2004 81 Million Acres of Corn in USA
• Productivity 1950 38 Bushes of Corn Per
  Acre in USA
• 2004 160 Bushes of Corn Per Acre in USA
• Total Production 1950 3.154 Billion Bushes
  of Corn in USA
• 2004 12.961 Billion Bushes of Corn in USA

Michael Swanson, Agricultural Economist, Wells
Fargo Bank, October 2006
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1950
2004
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• New Methodologies, New Tools, New Mindsets
• College Education 1991 35.8 U.S. Farmers
• 2003 45.2 U.S. Farmers (USDA)
• Computer Usage 92 of all 18 to 35 year old
  Farmer use computers
• as part of their business (American Farm
  Bureau)
• Internet Acceptance 89 consider the Internet
  a Farming tool
• (American Farm Bureau)

• There are not many chief information officers on
  the farm. But in farming, good information
  management can mean the difference between making
  a go of it and going bankrupt. You have sun,
  soil and water. You use technology to tweak
  those basic ingredients to eke out that bit of an
  advantage to give you a profit
• Bruce Erickson,
  Agronomy Teacher, Scientific Agriculture, Purdue
  University, October 2006

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• Precision Farming
• Technology Global Positioning,
  Computers, Sensors,
  Application Software
• Components Yield Monitors, GPS
  (Global Positioning System), DGPS
  (Differentiated GPS), GIS
  (Geographical Info. System), VRT
  (Variable Rate Technology)
• Benefits Maximization Production Yield,
  Maximize Equipment Efficiency, Reduce Risk,
  Environmental Stewardship, Increase
  Profitability

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• Precision Farming
• Technology Global Positioning,
  Computers, Sensors,
  Application Software
• Components Yield Monitors, GPS
  (Global Positioning System), DGPS
  (Differentiated GPS), GIS
  (Geographical Info. System), VRT
  (Variable Rate Technology)
• Benefits Maximization Yield Production,
  Maximize Equipment Efficiency, Reduce Risk,
  Environmental Stewardship, Increase
  Profitability

Test Area
Precision Farming Yield Map Purdue
University Terry Griffin Jess
Lowenberg-DeBoer Site Specific Management Center
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• Precision Farming
• Technology Global Positioning,
  Computers, Sensors,
  Application Software
• Components Yield Monitors, GPS
  (Global Positioning System), DGPS
  (Differentiated GPS), GIS
  (Geographical Info. System), VRT
  (Variable Rate Technology)
• Benefits Maximization Yield Production,
  Maximize Equipment Efficiency, Reduce Risk,
  Environmental Stewardship, Increase
  Profitability

Planting Strategy For Test Area
Precision Farming Yield Map Purdue
University Terry Griffin Jess
Lowenberg-DeBoer Site Specific Management Center
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• Precision Farming
• Technology Global Positioning,
  Computers, Sensors,
  Application Software
• Components Yield Monitors, GPS
  (Global Positioning System), DGPS
  (Differentiated GPS), GIS
  (Geographical Info. System), VRT
  (Variable Rate Technology)
• Benefits Maximization Yield Production,
  Maximize Equipment Efficiency, Reduce Risk,
  Environmental Stewardship, Increase
  Profitability

Precision Farming Yield Map Purdue
University Terry Griffin Jess
Lowenberg-DeBoer Site Specific Management Center
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• Precision Farming
• Technology Global Positioning,
  Computers, Sensors,
  Application Software
• Components Yield Monitors, GPS
  (Global Positioning System), DGPS
  (Differentiated GPS), GIS
  (Geographical Info. System), VRT
  (Variable Rate Technology)
• Benefits Maximization Yield Production,
  Maximize Equipment Efficiency, Reduce Risk,
  Environmental Stewardship, Increase
  Profitability

Yield Data for Test Area
Precision Farming Yield Map Purdue
University Terry Griffin Jess
Lowenberg-DeBoer Site Specific Management Center
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• Precision Farming
• Technology Global Positioning,
  Computers, Sensors,
  Application Software
• Components Yield Monitors, GPS
  (Global Positioning System), DGPS
  (Differentiated GPS), GIS
  (Geographical Info. System), VRT
  (Variable Rate Technology)
• Benefits Maximization Yield Production,
  Maximize Equipment Efficiency, Reduce Risk,
  Environmental Stewardship, Increase
  Profitability

Combined Planting Yield Data for Test Area
Precision Farming Yield Map Purdue
University Terry Griffin Jess
Lowenberg-DeBoer Site Specific Management Center
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• Precision Farming
• Technology Global Positioning,
  Computers, Sensors,
  Application Software
• Components Yield Monitors, GPS
  (Global Positioning System), DGPS
  (Differentiated GPS), GIS
  (Geographical Info. System), VRT
  (Variable Rate Technology)
• Benefits Maximization Yield Production,
  Maximize Equipment Efficiency, Reduce Risk,
  Environmental Stewardship, Increase
  Profitability

Secondary Soil
Primary Soil
Eroded Soil
Precision Farming Yield Map Purdue
University Terry Griffin Jess
Lowenberg-DeBoer Site Specific Management Center
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• Productivity Drivers
• Farming Intelligence Data, Yield Modeling,
  Technology
• Productivity
• National Data Bases US Department of
  Agriculture Data Bases, University Data Bases,
  Analysis Tools
• Yield Monitoring Ever improving sensory
  equipment deployed on agriculture equipment
• measuring yields.
• Technology Precision Farming Using GPS,
  Computers, Sensors, Application Software and
  VRT to plan, plow, plant, manage and harvest
  tillable acreage.

Precision Farming
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• Agriculture Business and Technology Roadmap
• Benefits Technology has driven incremental, but
  significant changes in Agriculture.
  Computerized data acquisition, risk management
  and cost analysis are escalating.

1996
2006
2011
Seed, Fertilizer and Machinery Costs managed on
Paper Tractors, Combines and Sprayers driven by
farmers Planting Decision made on farmers
experience and instincts
Costs tracked in computer spreadsheets using
business analysis software Machinery guided by
GPS, with farmers monitoring activity in the cab
and usually, turning the steering wheel at the
end of each row Experience and instinct
supplemented with statistical analysis of
historical trend data
Wireless networks in rural areas enable the use
of handheld computers for tracking and
analysis Driverless, robotic machinery
controlled by onboard computers pre-programmed
for plowing, planting, managing and
harvesting Computer analysis and farmer
experience further refine variables including
near-real-time data on international market
demand and pricing
Baseline, GPS and Business Intelligence
Rubenacker Farms Makes Hay With I.T., October 2,
2006
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• Precision Farming
• Benefits Productivity
• Return On Investment (ROI)
• Risk Management Diagnosis of Crop Problems,
  Better Process Control,
• Informed Crop Rotation, Choice of Species
  Agronomic Practices
• Cost Control Reduce Fuel Consumption, Improved
  Equipment Maintenance, Reduce Irrigation
  requirements, Reduced Pesticide Expenses,
  Reduced Fertilizer Expenses, Reduced Seed
  Expenses
• Business Practices Better Resale Value of
  Equipment, Better Access to Capital, Improved
  Planning, Better Scheduling, Maximize Equipment
  Efficiency, Control Input Costs, Manage Risk
  and Incorporate Trend Analysis into the
  Business Decision Process. In the future
  maximizing profitability by segregating higher
  yielding product for higher margin channels.

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• Does Precision Farming make Economic Sense?
• Historical Data Agricultural productivity has
  increased tremendously in the last 50 years.
• Precision Farming Tools and Techniques have
  contributed to improved productivity in
  agriculture, but they have not been the only
  contributor.
• Technology Adoption Purdue University
  estimates 50 of US Farms utilize Yield
  Monitoring Equipment and 20 utilize
  GPS/DGPS/Augmented GPS system to manage
  plowing, planting, managing and harvesting.
• Profitability The Profitability of GPS
  Technology used in Precision Farming still
  comes down to the actual local farming conditions
  according to the Manitoba Department of
  Agriculture. Commodity driven low value crops
  have a tougher ROI to satisfy.

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OEM Perspective Integration, Application

• OEMs can differentiate their machines, and they
  can increase their knowledge of how and where
  machines are used, which helps them build better
  equipment Brian Niznik, Sr. Dir. of Worldwide
  Business Development, Qualcomm

• The number of (fully equipped) vehicles coming
  out of the factory has really jumped. Weve
  known there was a good business case now the
  stars have aligned and both dealers and customers
  also understand the business case
• Thomas Bucklar, N. American Manager of Machine
  Control and Guidance Division, Caterpillar

• On the vehicle, our devices sits on the CAN bus,
  measuring the heartbeat of the vehicle, with
  fault management and remote diagnostics.
  Abraham Orbach, Platform Manager Precision Farm
  Guidance Division, Case IH

• Its not just about building a box thats rugged
  enough for this environment. Once you get the
  information, it has to be put into a form thats
  useful to the user. Brian Niznik, Sr. Dir. of
  Worldwide Business Development, Qualcomm

• We focus on integration, putting data in the
  forms different users need to make money or save
  money. Thomas Bucklar, N. American Manager of
  Machine Control and Guidance Division, Caterpillar