Virginia Studies SOL Review

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Virginia Studies SOL Review

• 4th Grade

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VS.2a Bordering States
Go counterclockwise starting with Maryland.
Mustard With Ketchup Tastes Nasty Maryland West
Virginia Kentucky Tennessee North Carolina
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VS.2b Geographic Regions
Go right to left!

• Can Pit Bulls Vote Again
• Coastal Plain Piedmont Blue Ridge Mountains
  Valley and Ridge Appalachian Plateau

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VS.2b Geographic Regions

• Coastal Plain (Tidewater)
• Flat land
• Near Atlantic Ocean
• and Chesapeake Bay
• East of the Fall Line

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VS.2b Geographic Regions

• Fall Line
• (Not a region)
• The natural border between the Coastal Plain and
  Piedmont regions
• Waterfalls prevent further travel on the river

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VS.2b Geographic Regions

• Piedmont
• (Land at the foot of the mountains)
• Rolling Hills
• West of the Fall Line

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VS.2b Geographic Regions

• Blue Ridge Mountains
• Old, rounded mountains
• Part of Appalachian mountain system
• Between Piedmont and Valley and Ridge
• Source of many rivers

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VS.2b Geographic Regions

• Valley and Ridge
• Includes the Great Valley of Virginia and other
  valleys separated by ridges
• Part of Appalachian mountain system
• West of Blue Ridge Mountains

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VS.2b Geographic Regions

• Appalachian Plateau
• Plateau Area of elevated land that is flat on
  top
• Located in Southwest Virginia
• Only a small part of the plateau is located in VA

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VS.2c Water Features
Rivers North to South

• Please Recite Your Jokes
• Potomac Rappahannock York James

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VS.2c Water Features

• Atlantic Ocean
• Provided transportation links between Virginia
  and other places
• Chesapeake Bay
• Provided a safe harbor
• Was a source of food and transportation

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VS.2c Water Features

• Potomac River
• Flows into the Chesapeake Bay
• Alexandria is located along the Potomac River
• - Alex eats Potatoes
• Source of food and pathway for exploration and
  settlement of VA

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VS.2c Water Features

• Rappahannock River
• Flows into the Chesapeake Bay
• Fredericksburg is located on the Rappahannock
  River
• - Fred likes to Rap
• Source of food and pathway for exploration and
  settlement of VA

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VS.2c Water Features

• York River
• Flows into the Chesapeake Bay
• Yorktown located along the York River
• Source of food and pathway for exploration and
  settlement of VA

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VS.2c Water Features

• James River
• Flows into the Chesapeake Bay
• Richmond and Jamestown are located along the
  James River
• - King James is Rich
• Source of food and pathway for exploration and
  settlement of VA

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VS.2c Water Features

• Lake Drummond
• Located in Coastal Plain region
• Shallow natural lake surrounded by Dismal Swamp
• Dismal Swamp
• Located in Coastal Plain region
• Variety of wildlife
• George Washington explored and surveyed

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VS.2c Water Features

• The Eastern Shore
• A peninsula a piece of land bordered by water on
  three sides
• Bordered by the Chesapeake Bay to the West and
  the Atlantic Ocean to the East
• Part of Coastal Plain (Tidewater) region

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VS.2d American Indian Language Groups

• Christopher Columbus called the native people he
  found in the lands he explored Indians because
  he thought he was in the Indies (near China)
• Artifacts such as arrowheads, pottery, and tools
  that have been found tell a lot about the people
  who lived in Virginia

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VS.2d American Indian Language Groups

• Three Major Language Groups
• Algonquian
• Siouan
• Iroquoian

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VS.2d American Indian Language Groups

• Algonquian
• Spoken primarily in the Tidewater region
• Powhatans were part
• of the Algonquian group
• - PA

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VS.2d American Indian Language Groups

• Siouan
• Spoken primarily in the Piedmont region
• Monacan were part of
• the Siouan group
• - MS

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VS.2d American Indian Language Groups

• Iroquoian
• Spoken in Southwestern Virginia and in Southern
  Virginia near what is today North Carolina
• The Cherokee were a part of the Iroquoian group
• - I C I see

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VS.2e American Indians and Climate Relation

• Climate in Virginia
• Relatively mild with distinct seasons spring,
  summer, fall, and winter resulting in a variety
  of vegetation
• Forests, which have a variety of trees, cover
  most of the land.
• Virginias Indians are referred to as Eastern
  Woodland Indians

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VS.2e American Indians and Climate Relation

• Environmental Connections
• The kinds of food they ate, the clothing they
  wore, and the shelters they had depended on the
  seasons.
• Animal skins (deerskin) were used for clothing
• Shelter was made from materials around them.

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VS.2e American Indians and Climate Relation

• Foods changed with the seasons
• In winter, they hunted birds and animals and
  lived on stored foods from the previous fall
• In spring, they hunted, fished and picked berries
• In summer, they grew crops (beans, corn, squash)
• In fall, they harvested crops, and hunted for
  foods to preserve and keep for the winter

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VS.2e American Indians and Climate Relation
Native Peoples of the Past and Present Native Peoples of the Past and Present
Past Present
Farmed, hunted, and fished Made homes using natural resources Used animal skins for clothing in the winter Most live like other Americans Culture has changed over time
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VS.2f Archaeology of Werowocomoco and Jamestown

• Archaeologists study all kinds of material
  evidence left from people of the past
• They help us understand the past

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VS.2f Archaeology of Werowocomoco and Jamestown
Werowocomoco
A large Indian town used by Indian leaders for several hundred years before the English settlers came The headquarters of the leader, Powhatan, in 1607
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VS.2f Archaeology of Werowocomoco and Jamestown
Jamestown
Became the first permanent settlement in North America Archaeologists discovered the site of the original fort Artifacts give archaeologists clues about the interactions of the English, Africans, and Indians in early Virginia
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VS.2g Current State-Recognized Tribes

• American Indians, who trace their family history
  back to before 1607, continue to live in all
  parts of Virginia today.

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VS.2g Current State-Recognized Tribes

• Coastal Plain Region
• Chickahominy Tribe
• Eastern Chickahominy Tribe
• Mattaponi Tribe
• Nansemond Tribe
• Pamunkey Tribe
• Rappahannock Tribe
• Upper Mattaponi Tribe
• Piedmont Region
• Monacan Tribe

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VS.3a Reasons for English Colonization

• Reasons for English colonization
• in America
• England wanted to establish an American colony to
  increase itswealth and power
• - England hoped to find silver and gold in
  America
• - An American settlement would furnish raw
  materials that could not be grown or obtained in
  England, while opening new markets for trade

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VS.3a Reasons for English Colonization

• Jamestown
• Primarily an economic venture
• The stockholders of the Virginia company of
  London financed the settlement
• Jamestown became the first permanent English
  settlement in North America in 1607

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VS.3b Geography of Jamestown

• When the settlers arrived in 1607, Jamestown was
  located on a narrow peninsula bordered on three
  sides by the James River. Today, Jamestown is
  located on an island in the James River.
• Reasons for Site Choice
• Could be easily defended from attack by
• sea (Spanish)
• Water along the shore was deep enough for ships
  to dock
• Believed they had a good supply of fresh water

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VS.3c The Virginia Company of London Charters

• Importance of Virginia Charters
• The King of England granted charters to the
  Virginia Company of London to
• - establish a settlement in North America
• - extend English rights to the settlers

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VS.3d The Virginia Assembly

• System of Government
• In 1619, the governor of Virginia called a
  meeting of the General Assembly.
• The assembly included two representatives (called
  burgesses) from each of the divisions of
  Virginia, the governors council, and the
  governor. They met as one legislative body.
• At that time, only certain free adult men had the
  right to take part

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VS.3d The Virginia Assembly

• Virginia House of Burgesses
• By the 1640s the burgesses became a separate
  legislative body, called the House of Burgesses.
• They met separately from the Governors Council
  as one of the two legislative bodies of the
  General Assembly
• The House of Burgesses was the first elected
  legislative body in English America giving
  settlers the opportunity to control their own
  government.
• The current Virginia General Assembly dates from
  the establishment of the House of Burgesses at
  Jamestown in 1619

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VS.3e Africans and Women

• Portuguese sailors captured African men and women
  from present-day Angola. The status of these
  early Africans as servants or slaves in Virginia
  is unknown
• Africans arrived in Jamestown against their will
  in 1619.
• The arrival of Africans made it possible to
  expand the tobacco economy.

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VS.3e Africans and Women

• The arrival of additional women in 1620 made it
  possible for more settlers to establish families
  and a permanent settlement at Jamestown.

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VS.3f Hardships in Jamestown

• Hardships Faced by the Settlers
• The site they chose to live on was marshy and
  lacked safe drinking water
• The settlers lacked some skills necessary to
  provide for themselves
• Many settlers died of starvation and disease

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VS.3f Hardships in Jamestown

• Changes that Resulted in Survival
• Arrival of supply ships
• Forced work program and strong leadership of
  Captain John Smith
• Emphasis on agriculture

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VS.3g Interactions Between English and Native
Peoples

• Powhatan and English Interactions
• Captain John Smith initiated trading
  relationships with the native peoples.

Native Peoples Traded English Traded
Mainly Food Tools, Pots, Copper for jewelry (TPC)
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VS.3g Interactions Between English and Powhatan
People

• Contribution of the Native Peoples to the
  Survival of Jamestown Settlers
• Powhatan, chief of many tribes, provided
  leadership to his people and taught the settlers
  survival skills
• Pocahontas, daughter of Chief Powhatan, served as
  a contact between the native peoples and the
  English
• The native peoples showed the settlers how to
  plant corn and tobacco

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VS.3g Interactions Between English and Powhatan
People

• How the Relationship Changed
• The native peoples realized the English
  settlement would continue to grow
• They came to see the settlers as invaders who
  would take over their land

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VS.4a Agriculture and Slavery

• Agricultures Effect on the Colony
• The economy of the Virginia colony depended on
  agriculture as a primary source of wealth.
• Tobacco became the most profitable agricultural
  product. It was sold to England as a cash crop.
• Cash crop A crop that is grown to sell for money
  rather than for use by the grower

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VS.4a Agriculture and Slavery

• Agricultures Influence on Slavery
• The successful planting of tobacco depended on a
  steady and inexpensive source of labor
• African men, women, and children were brought to
  the colony against their will to work as slaves
  on the plantations.
• The Virginia colony became dependent on slave
  labor, which lasted a long time.

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VS.4b Culture of Colonial Virginia

• Culture of Colonial Virginia
• Whenever people settle an area, they change the
  culture and landscape to reflect their beliefs,
  customs, and architecture.
• Examples of architecture that reflect different
  cultures include
• - Barns
• - Homes
• - Places of worship (churches)

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VS.4b Culture of Colonial Virginia

• Place Names Reflecting Culture
• There are names of cities and towns in Virginia
  that reflect both English and American Indian
  culture
• English Richmond
• American Indian - Roanoke

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VS.4b Culture of Colonial Virginia

• Settlement Areas
• English and other Europeans primarily in
  Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions
• Germans and Scots-Irish primarily in the
  Shenandoah Valley, along the migration route
• Africans primarily in the Coastal Plain and
  Piedmont regions, where tobacco agriculture
  required labor
• Prior to the arrival of the settlers, American
  Indians lived throughout Virginia. After the
  settlers arrived, most were forced inland

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VS.4b Culture of Colonial Virginia

• Migration and living in new areas caused people
  to adapt old customs to their new environment
• The culture of Virginia reflected American
  Indian, African, and European origins

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VS.4c Moving Virginias Capital

• Reasons why the Capital was Moved from Jamestown
  to Williamsburg
• Drinking water was contaminated by seepage of
  salt water
• Unhealthy living conditions caused diseases
• Fire destroyed wooden and brick buildings at
  Jamestown

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VS.4c Moving Virginias Capital

• Reasons why the Capital was Moved from
  Williamsburg to Richmond
• Population was moving westward
• Richmond was a more central location
• Moving to Richmond increased the distance from
  attach by the British
• England became Britain in the early 1700s

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VS.4d Colonial Economics

• Economic Terms
• Money A medium of exchange (currency, which
  includes coins and paper bills)
• Barter Trading of goods and services without
  using money
• Credit Buying a good or service now and paying
  for it later
• Debt A good or service owed to another
• Saving Money put away to save or to spend at a
  later time

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VS.4d Colonial Economics

• Few people had paper money and coins to use to
  buy goods and services.
• Barter was commonly used instead of money.
• Tobacco was used as money. A tobacco farmer could
  use his tobacco to pay for goods and services.
• Farmers and other consumers could also buy goods
  and services on credit and pay their debts when
  their crops were harvested and sold.
• Colonial Virginia had no banks.

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VS.4e Everyday Life in Colonial Virginia

• People living in colonial Virginia depended on
  natural, human, and capital resources to produce
  the goods and services they needed.

Food Housing Clothing
Food choices were limited Meals were made of local produce and meats Most people lived on one-room homes with dirt floors Some people (farmers) lived in large houses Households made their own clothes Most was made of cotton, wool, and leather
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VS.4e Everyday Life in Colonial Virginia

• Most white Virginians made their living from the
  land as small farmers. A few owned large farms
  (plantations).
• Most enslaved African Americans worked tobacco,
  crops, and livestock. They had no rights.
• Many free African Americans owned their own
  business and property, but were denied most
  rights.

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VS.5a Reasons for the American Revolution

• Colonists and British Parliament Disagreed Over
  How the Colonies Should be Governed

Parliament Colonists
Believed it had legal authority in the colonies Believed it had the right to tax the colonies Believed their local assemblies had legal authority Believed they should not be taxed since they had no representation in Parliament
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VS.5a Reasons for the American Revolution

• The Declaration of Independence
• Written by Thomas Jefferson
• States that the authority to govern belongs to
  the people rather than
• to kings
• All people are created equal and
• have rights to life, liberty, and
• the pursuit of happiness

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VS.5b Virginians in the Revolutionary War
Roles of Virginians Roles of Virginians Roles of Virginians
Patriots served in the Continental Army and fought for independence, leading to the British surrender at Yorktown. Some enslaved African Americans fought for a better chance of freedom. Some free African Americans fought for independence. Many American Indians fought alongside both the Virginia patriots and the British.
Some Virginians were neutral and did not take sides. Other Virginians, the Loyalists, remained loyal to Great Britain. During the war, women took on more responsibility to support the war effort.
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VS.5b Virginians in the Revolutionary War
Contributions of Virginians Contributions of Virginians Contributions of Virginians Contributions of Virginians
George Washington Thomas Jefferson Patrick Henry
Provided military leadership by serving as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army Provided political leadership by expressing the reasons for colonial independence from Great Britain in the Declaration of Independence Inspired patriots from other colonies when he spoke out against taxation without representation by saying, give me liberty or give me death. James Lafayette, an enslaved African American from Virginia, served in the Continental Army and successfully requested his freedom after the war
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VS.5c Battle of Great Bridge, the Ride of Jack
Jouett, and Yorktown

• The Battle of Great Bridge was the first land
  battle of the American Revolution fought in
  Virginia. The American victory forced the British
  colonial governor to flee the City of Norfolk.

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VS.5c Battle of Great Bridge, the Ride of Jack
Jouett, and Yorktown

• Jack Jouett rode on horseback through the
  backwoods of Virginia to Charlottesville to warn
  Thomas Jefferson, then governor of Virginia, that
  the British were coming to arrest him and members
  of the General Assembly.

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VS.5c Battle of Great Bridge, the Ride of Jack
Jouett, and Yorktown

• The American victory at Yorktown resulted in the
  surrender of the British army, which led to an
  end to the war.

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VS.6a Virginians George Washington and James
Madison
George Washington James Madison
Father of Our Country Elected as the first President of the United States of America. Provided strong leadership needed to help the young country Provided a model of leadership for future presidents Father of the Constitution Believed in the importance of having a United States Constitution Kept detailed notes during Constitutional Convention Skills at compromise helped delegates reach an agreement during
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VS.6b Virginia Declaration of Rights and Virginia
Statute of Religious Freedom
Virginia Declaration of Rights Virginia Statute of Religious Freedom
Written by George Mason States that all Virginians have many rights, including freedom of religion and freedom of the press. Written by Thomas Jefferson States that all people should be free to worship as they please.
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VS.6c Western Migration

• After the American Revolution, Virginias
  agricultural base began to change, and as a
  result large numbers of Virginians moved west and
  to the deep South to find better farmland and new
  opportunities
• - Tobacco farming was hard on the soil,
  causing many farmers to look west and south
  for new land to farm
• - Virginians migrated into western
  territories looking for large areas of land and
  new opportunities
• - As Virginians moved, they took their
  traditions, ideas, and cultures with them
• - Settlers crossed the Appalachian Mountains
  through the Cumberland Gap as the migrated to new
  lands.

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VS.6c Western Migration
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VS.7a Events and Differences Between North and
South
Northern States Southern States
Economy was more industrialized Wanted the new states created out of the western territory to be free states Economy was agricultural and relied more on slave labor Wanted the new states to be slave states
69
VS.7a Events and Differences Between North and
South

• Events Leading to Secession and the Civil War
• Nat Turner led a revolt against plantation owners
  in Virginia
• Abolitionists campaigned to end slavery
• Harriet Tubman supported a secret route that
  escaped enslaved African Americans took, called
  the Underground Railroad
• John Brown led a raid on the United States Armory
  (Arsenal) at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. He was
  trying to start a slave rebellion. He was
  captured and hanged

70
VS.7a Events and Differences Between North and
South

• Secession
• After Abraham Lincoln was elected President in
  1860, some southern states seceded from the Union
  and formed the Confederate States of America.
  Later Virginia seceded and joined them.
• Conflict grew between the eastern counties of
  Virginia that relied on slavery and western
  counties that did not favor slavery.
• Many disagreements between the two regions led to
  the formation of West Virginia

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VS.7b Virginias Role in the Civil War

• The first Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas) was
  the first major clash of the Civil War.
  Confederate General Thomas Stonewall Jackson
  played a major role in this battle
• General Robert E. Lee, Commander of the Army of
  Northern Virginia, defeated Union troops at
  Fredericksburg, Virginia

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VS.7b Virginias Role in the Civil War

• Richmond was the capital of the Confederacy. It
  fell to General Ulysses S. Grant and was burned
  near the end of the war.
• Lincoln used the Union navy to blockade southern
  ports. An important sea battle between the
  Monitor (Union) and the Merrimack (Confederate),
  two iron clad ships, too place in Virginia waters
  near Norfolk and Hampton. The battle was fought
  to a draw.

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VS.7b Virginias Role in the Civil War

• The Civil War ended at Appomattox Court House,
  Virginia, where Confederate General Robert E. Lee
  surrendered his army to Union General Ulysses S.
  Grant in April, 1865.

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VS.7c Roles During the Civil War
Varied Roles During the Civil War Varied Roles During the Civil War Varied Roles During the Civil War Varied Roles During the Civil War
White Virginians Enslaved African Americans Free African Americans American Indians
Most supported the Confederacy Were relied on by the Confederacy to raise crops and provide labor for the army Some felt their limited rights could best be protected by supporting the Confederacy Most did not take sides
75
VS.8a Reconstruction

• Reconstruction The period following the Civil
  War in which Congress passed laws designed to
  rebuild the country and bring the southern states
  back into the Union

Problems Faced by Virginians Measures Taken to Resolve Problems
Millions of African Americans needed housing, education, clothing, food, and jobs Virginias economy was in ruins - Money had no value - Banks were closed - Railroads, bridges, plantations, and crops were destroyed The Freedmens Bureau was a government agency that provided food, schools, and medical care for freed African Americans and others in Virginia Sharecropping was a system common in Virginia after the war in which freed men and poor white farmers rented land from a landowner by promising to pay the owner with a share of the crop
76
VS.8b Segregation

• Segregation The separation of people, usually
  based on race or religion
• Discrimination An unfair difference in the
  treatment of people
• During Reconstruction, African Americans began to
  have power in Virginias government, and men of
  all races could vote.
• But

77
VS.8b Segregation

• After Reconstruction, these gains were lost when
  Jim Crow Laws were passed by southern states.
  Jim Crow Laws established segregation and
  reinforced prejudices held by whites.
• Effects of Jim Crow Laws
• Unfair poll taxes and voting tests were
  established to keep African American men from
  voting
• African Americans found it very difficult to vote
  or hold public office
• African Americans were forced to use separate
  poor-quality services such as drinking fountains,
  restrooms, and restaurants
• African Americans and white children attended
  separate schools
• Jim Crow laws had an effect on American Indians

78
VS.8c Virginias Economic Development

• Virginia Began to Grow in Many Areas After
  Reconstruction
• Virginias cities grew with people, businesses,
  and factories.
• Railroads were a key to the expansion of
  business, agriculture, and industry. They
  facilitated the growth of many small towns to
  cities.

79
VS.8c Virginias Economic Development

• Other parts of Virginia grew as other industries
  developed
• Coal deposits were discovered in Tazewell County
• The need for more and better roads increased.
• Tobacco farming and tobacco products became
  important Virginia industries.

80
VS.9a Economic and Social Transition

• From Agriculture to Industry

Causes
Old farming systems were no longer effective and crop prices were low
Cities had economic opportunities
Technology improved transportation, roads, railroads, and streetcars
People moved from the countryside to find jobs
Effects
Agriculture declined
People moved from rural areas to urban areas
Cities grew
Coal mining spurred the growth of cities and town
81
VS.9a Economic and Social Transition

• People have moved to Virginia from many other
  states and nations
• During the 20th century, Northern Virginia has
  experienced growth due to increase in the number
  of federal jobs located in the region.
• In the late 20th century and the early 21st
  century, Northern Virginia and the Coastal Plain
  region have grown due to computer technology.

82
VS.9b Woodrow Wilson and George C. Marshall

• Two famous Virginians, Woodrow Wilson and George
  C. Marshall, were important national and
  international leaders.

Woodrow Wilson George C. Marshall
A 20th century president who wrote a plan for world peace A military leader who created an economic plan to ensure world peace
83
VS.9c Desegregation and Massive Resistance

• Segregation The separation of people, usually
  based on race or religion
• Desegregation Abolishment of racial segregation
• Integration Full equality
• of all races in the use of
• public facilities

84
VS.9c Desegregation and Massive Resistance
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 1954 (Brown v.
Board of Education) that separate but equal
public schools were unconstitutional
All pubic schools, including those in Virginia,
were ordered to desegregate
85
VS.9c Desegregation and Massive Resistance
Virginias government established a policy of
Massive Resistance, which fought to resist the
desegregation of public schools, led by Harry F.
Byrd
Some schools were closed to avoid integration
86
VS.9c Desegregation and Massive Resistance
The policy of Massive Resistance failed, and
Virginias public schools were integrated
87
VS.9d Political, Social, and Economic
Contributions
Maggie L. Walker Harry F. Byrd, Sr. Oliver W. Hill
First African American woman and first woman to establish and become a bank president in the United States As governor was known for a Pay As You Go policy for road improvements, and modernized VAs state government A lawyer and civil rights leader who worked for equal rights of African Americans. Played a key role in the Brown v. Board of Education decision
88
VS.9d Political, Social, and Economic
Contributions
Arthur R. Ashe, Jr. A. Linwood Holton, Jr. L. Douglas Wilder
First African American winner of a major mens tennis singles championship, and an author and spokesperson for social change As governor of Virginia, promoted racial equality, and appointed more African Americans and women to positions in state government than previous governors As governor of Virginia, was the first African American to be elected a state governor in the United States
89
VS.10a Branches of Government
Three Branches of Government Three Branches of Government Three Branches of Government
Legislative Branch Judicial Branch Executive Branch
General Assembly Makes state laws State Court System Decides cases about people accused of breaking the law and whether or not a law agrees with Virginias Constitution Governor Makes sure that state laws are carried out
2 Parts 2 Parts
Senate House of Delegates
90
VS.10b Products and Industries
Coastal Plain Products Seafood,
Peanuts Industries Shipbuilding, tourism,
military bases
91
VS.10b Products and Industries

• Piedmont
• Products
• Tobacco products, information technology
• Industries
• Federal and state government, farming,
  horse industry

92
VS.10b Products and Industries

• Blue Ridge Mountains
• Products
• Apples
• Industries
• Recreation

93
VS.10b Products and Industries

• Valley and Ridge
• Products
• Poultry, apples
• dairy, beef
• Industries
• Farming

94
VS.10b Products and Industries

• Appalachian Plateau
• Products
• Coal
• Industries
• Coal mining

95
VS.10c Transportation, Communication, and
Technology

• Virginias transportation system (highways,
  railroads, and air transportation) moves raw
  materials to factories and finished products to
  markets. Virginia exports agricultural and
  manufactured products, including tobacco,
  poultry, coal, and large ships.

96
VS.10c Transportation, Communication, and
Technology

• Virginia has a large number of communications and
  other technology industries.

97
VS.10c Transportation, Communication, and
Technology

• Tourism is a major part of Virginias economy.

98
VS.10c Transportation, Communication, and
Technology

• Because many federal workers live and/or work in
  Virginia, the federal government has a
  significant impact on Virginias economy.