Colonies of North America

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Colonies of North America
Henry Hudson
The Middle Colonies
Power point created by Robert Martinez
Primary content source The Americans Images and
Photographs as cited.
http//www.thehudsonschool.org/renassiance20folde
r/Henry20Hudson203.html
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Henry VIII

• After Henry VIII broke with the Roman Catholic
  Church (1530s), the Church of England was formed.
  Although, the new church was free of Catholic
  control, one religious group, the Puritans, felt
  that the church had kept too much Catholic
  rituals.

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Puritans

• The Puritans wanted to reform or purify the
  church by eliminating all traces of Catholicism.
  Some Puritans, called Separatists, wanted to
  separate from the English church.

http//www.rain.org/homeschool/images?DA
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Pilgrims

• One group of Separatists, known today as
  Pilgrims, migrated to America. In 1620, this
  small group of families founded the Plymouth
  Colony, the second permanent English colony in
  North America.

http//www.valdosta.edu/mcdees/topic.html
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Mayflower Compact

• The Pilgrims Mayflower Compact, named for the
  ship on which they sailed to North America,
  became an important landmark in development of
  American democracy.

http//endtimepilgrim.org/puritans11.htm
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Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Other Puritans who were not Separatists turned
  their thoughts toward New England (the
  Massachusetts Bay Colony) - 1620s. They
  experienced religious persecution, political
  repression, and poor economic conditions in
  England.

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Mission from God

• The Puritans believed they had a special
  agreement, with God. To fulfill their part, they
  were to create a moral society that would serve
  as an example for others to follow.

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City on a Hill

• Puritan leader John Winthrop expressed in a
  sermon, We in New England shall be as a City
  upon a Hill the eyes of all people are on us.

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• The Massachusetts Bay Colony extended the right
  to vote to all male members of the Puritan
  church. As their system of self-government
  evolved, so did the close relationship between
  the government and the Puritan church.

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Roger Williams

• The Puritans were intolerant of people who had
  different religious beliefs. For example, Roger
  Williams, an extreme Separatist, declared that
  the English settlers had no rightful claim to the
  land unless they purchased it from Native
  Americans. Second, he argued that every person
  should be free to worship according to their
  conscience.

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• The Puritans tried to deport Williams back to
  England. He fled and negotiated with a Native
  American group for a plot of land and set up a
  new colony, which he called Providence (Rhode
  Island). Williams guaranteed religious freedom
  and separation of church and state.

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Anne Hutchinson

• Another dissenter, Anne Hutchinson, taught that
  worshippers did not need the church or its
  ministers to interpret the Bible for them. Banned
  from the colony, Hutchinson fled first to Rhode
  Island, and later, New Netherland (part of New
  York.)

http//usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/womeninfln/h
utchinson.htm
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Native Americans

• As Native Americans saw their lands taken over
  by settlers, they feared an end to their way of
  life. In addition, Native Americans resented the
  Puritans efforts to convert them and bristled
  under Puritan laws such as no hunting or fishing
  on Sundays.

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King Philips War

• The Wampanoag chief Metacom, whom the English
  called King Philip, organized his tribe and
  several others into an alliance to wipe out the
  Puritan invaders.

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• Native Americans attacked and burned outlying
  settlements throughout New England. Within months
  they were striking the outskirts of Boston.

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• The angry colonists responded by killing as many
  Native Americans as they could, even some from
  friendly tribes. The two sides waged a war of
  brutality and destruction for over a year.

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• Finally, food shortages, disease, and heavy
  casualties wore down the Native American
  resistance, and they gradually surrendered or
  fled.

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The Middle Colonies

• As early as 1609, Henry Hudson, an Englishman
  employed by the Dutch, had sailed up the river
  that now bears his name. The Dutch established a
  fur trade with the Iroquois and built trading
  posts on the Hudson River.

http//www.flickr.com/photos/martron3000/22896649/

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New Amsterdam

• In 1621, the Dutch government granted the
  newly formed Dutch West India Company permission
  to colonize New Netherland and expand the
  thriving fur trade. New Amsterdam (New York City)
  became the capital of the colony in 1625.

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• To encourage settlers to come and stay, the
  Dutch colony opened its doors to a variety of
  ethnic and religious groups. In 1664, the English
  took over the colony without a fight, naming the
  area after the Duke of York.

New Amsterdam New York City
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William Penn

• After a costly civil war in England, King Charles
  II, owed a debt to the father of a young man
  named William Penn. As payment, Charles gave the
  younger Penn a large property that the king
  insisted be called Pennsylvania.

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Quakers

• William Penn belonged to the Society of Friends,
  or Quakers, a Protestant group that held services
  without formal ministers, allowing any person to
  speak as the spirit moved him or her. They
  dressed plainly, opposed war, and refused to
  serve in the military. They were scorned and
  harassed by Anglicans and puritans.

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• Penn wanted to establish a good and fair society
  in keeping with Quaker ideals of equality,
  cooperation, and religious toleration. Penn
  guaranteed every male settler 50 acres of land
  and the right to vote (both a rarity).

http//americanrevolution.com/ppl_william_penn.htm
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• Penns plan for government called for a
  representative assembly and freedom of religion.
  Penn believed that the land belonged to the
  Native Americans, and he saw to it that they were
  paid for it.

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• Beginning in the 16th century, the nations of
  Europe competed for wealth and power through a
  new economic system called mercantilism, in which
  the colonies played a critical role.

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• According to the theory of mercantilism, a nation
  could increase its wealth and power in two ways
  by obtaining as much gold and silver as possible,
  and by establishing a favorable balance of trade,
  in which it sold more goods than it bought.

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• The key to this process was the establishment of
  colonies. Colonies provided products, raw
  materials, that could not be found in the mother
  country.

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• In 1651, Englands Parliament moved to regain
  control of colonial trade by passing a series of
  measures known as the Navigation Acts.

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• These Navigation Acts enforced the following
  rules
• No country could trade with the colonies unless
  the goods were shipped in either colonial or
  English ships.
• The colonies could export certain products,
  including tobacco and sugar, rice, molasses, and
  furs, only to England.
• All goods traded between the colonies and Europe
  first had to pass through an English port.

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Colonial Government

• In nearly every colony, a governor appointed by
  the Crown served as the highest authority. The
  governor appointed and dismissed judges, and
  oversaw colonial trade.

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• The colonial assemblies (House of Burgesses)
  raised money through taxes, and passed laws. The
  governor could veto any law but did so at a risk,
  because in most colonies, the colonial
  assemblies, not the Crown, paid the governors
  salary. Using this power, the colonists
  influenced the governor.

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• The colonies were developing a taste for
  self-government that would ultimately create the
  conditions for rebellion.