Chapter 19: Protists Chapter 20: Fungi

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Chapter 19 ProtistsChapter 20 Fungi
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• Chapter 19
• Objectives
• Identify the characteristics of Kingdom Protista.
• Compare and contrast the different groups of
  protists.

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• Characteristics
• Eukaryotes
• Live in moist environments
• Unicellular or multicellular
• Autotrophs, heterotrophs, or both
• Some move - others cannot
• 3 categories of protists
• Animal-like
• Fungus-like
• Plant-like

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• Animal-like Protists
• called Protozoans
• unicellular heterotrophs
• four groups based on movement
• Pseudopods
• Flagellates
• Ciliates
• Others

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• Psuedopods
• false feet
• used for movement (cytoplasmic streaming) and
  feeding
• thin cell membrane
• contractile vacuoleexpels excess water
• reproduce by mitosis
• Example Amoeba

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• Flagellates
• called Zooflagellates
• move by a flagellum
• these usually live inside other organisms
• Examples termites
• African sleeping Sickness

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• Ciliates
• cilia
• help organisms move, get food and sense
  environment
• multicellular with 2 nuclei
• macronucleus controls everyday functions
• micronucleus is for reproduction.
• reproduce by mitosis or
• conjugation
• Example Paramecium

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CONTRACTILE VACUOLE
CILIA
FOOD VACUOLE
MACRONUCLEUS
MICRONUCLEUS
ORAL GROOVE
ANAL PORE
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• Other Protozoans
• called sporozoans - parasites
• feed on cells body fluids of hosts

Sporozoans like Plasmodium (causes malaria) have
more than 1 host mosquitoes and then humans
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• Fungus-like Protists
• heterotrophs
• cell walls
• reproduce by spores (tiny cells that can grow
  into a new organism)
• move at one point during their lives
• Examples Water or Slime molds

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• Plant-like Protists
• algae
• autotrophs
• unicellular
• contain different pigments so they come in
  different colors
• Euglena special type of algae
• when there is no sunlight they become
  heterotrophic

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• Chapter 20Fungi
• Objectives
• Describe the basic characteristics of the fungi
  kingdom
• Explain the role of fungi as decomposers

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• Characteristics
• eukaryotes
• use spores to reproduce
• heterotrophs
• need warm, moist places to grow
• have hyphae
• thread-like structures used to obtain food
• Examples yeast, molds, mildew, and mushrooms

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• Reproduction
• produce spores with a protective covering
  carried by water and air (asexual)
• can reproduce sexually
• yeasts are unicellular and go through budding

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• Fungi Groups
• Threadlike - produce spores in their threadlike
  hyphae (ex. Bread mold)
• Saclike - produce spores in structures that look
  like sacs (ex. Yeast)

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• Clubproduce spores in structures that look like
  clubs (ex. Mushrooms)
• Imperfectcannot go through sexual reproduction
  (ex. Penicillin)