PRODUKSI BERSIH

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PRODUKSI BERSIH
Katharina Oginawati

• Katharina Oginawati

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PRODUKSI BERSIH

• Katharina Oginawati

Departmen Teknik Lingkungan
Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Pendahuluan

• Landasan Pengembangan Penerapan Produksi Bersih
  
• Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 1997 Pasal 10,
  butir e mengembangkan dan menerapkan perangkat
  yang bersifat preemtif, preventif dan proaktif
  dalam upaya pencegahan penurunan daya dukung dan
  daya tampung lingkungan hidup.
• Perangkat pengelolaan lingkungan yang bersifat
  preemtif, preventif dan proaktif antara lain
  adalah PRODUKSI BERSIH.
• Produksi Bersih telah dikembangkan oleh Bapedal
  sejak tahun 1993. Pengembangan dan penerapannya
  dapat menjadi landasan peningkatan kinerja
  pengelolaan lingkungan, penerapan Sistem
  Manajemen Lingkungan hingga sertifikasi Ekolabel.
• Tahun 1995 dicanangkan Komitmen Nasional
  Penerapan Produksi Bersih. Tahun 1996 Bapedal
  menyusun Rencana Aksi Penerapan Produksi Bersih.
  Tahun 2003, KLH menerbitkan Kebijakan Nasional
  penerapan produksi Bersih.

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Produksi Bersih

• Upaya penerapan yang kontinyu pada suatu strategi
  pengelolaan lingkungan yang intergral dan
  preventif terhadap proses, produk, dan jasa untuk
  meningkatkan eco-efisiensi dan mengurangi
  terjadinya resiko terhadap manusia dan lingkungan

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Pengertian Teknologi Bersih

• UNEP Strategi pengelolaan lingkungan yang
• bersifat preventif dan terpadu yang diterapkan
• secara terus menerus pada proses produksi,
• produk dan jasa sehingga meningkatkan eko
• efisiensi dan mengurangi terjadinya resiko
• terhadap manusia dan lingkungan
• Mencakup upaya peningkatan efesiensi dan
  efektifitas
• dalam pemakaian bahan baku, energi dan sumber
  daya
• lainnya sehingga mengurangi penggunaan bahan
• berbahaya dan beracun sehingga mengurangi jumlah
• dan toksisitas seluruh limbah dan emisi yang
• dikeluarkan sebelum meninggalkan proses

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Mengapa Produksi Bersih?

• Penekanan Biaya

• Produk

• End of pipe

• Menjaga kesehatan

• Pembersihan Lingkungan

• Produksi bersih dapat dilakukan dengan

• Penerapan know-how?

• Perbaikan teknologi

• Pelibatan pelaku manajemen

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Pengelolaan Lingkungan

• Prinsip Pencegahan pencemaran
• Pengendalian pencemaran
• Remediasi

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Penerapan Strategi Produksi Bersih
Bahan pembantu, Energi, air dll
Proses
Bahan Baku
Limbah diperlukan
Limbah
Limbah merupakan pertanda adanya
ketidak-efisienan suatu proses
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Tingkatan dalam pengelolaan limbah
1. Pencegahan
2. Pengurangan
3. Penggunaan kembali dalam proses
4. Penggunaan kembali di luar proses
5. Pengolahan
6. Penguburan ???
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integrated waste management hierarchy
Somppi, JL,1998
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Program 6R

• Refine, memurnikan atau menghilangkan kontaminan
  dari bahan baku atau bahan pembantu
• Reduce, mengurangi kebutuhan bahan baku secara
  stokiometri proses sehingga mengurangi limbah
• Reuse, pemakaian kembali bahan baku/pembantu
  proses untuk proses yang serupa
• Recycle, pemakaian kambali bahan baku/pembantu
  dan hasil samping proses untuk proses yang
  berbeda
• Recovery, pengambilan kembali material yg masih
  memiliki nilai tambah
• Retrive to Energi, merubah material sisa proses
  menjadi sumber energi

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Penerapan Teknologi Bersih

• Digalakan di negara yang sudah berkembang
• Pengkajian di negara sedang berkembang
• Di berbagai industri, diantaramya industri logam,
  pulp dan kertas, tekstil, dan industri yang
  menghasilkan B3 lainnya

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Case study in paper manufacture
1. About Company

• Name Scott Limited

• Number of employee 1,200

• Product tissue paper

• Productivity 100,000 ton/year

2. Background

• Raw material wood pulps, recycled waste paper

• Operation dilute suspension is filtered through
  a mesh belt

• Waste problem pulp lost in liquid effluent high
  suspended

solids
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Paper Fibre and Water recovery
3. Alternatives

• upgrading effluent treatment plat

• installing novel recovery stage upstream

4. Clean Technology

• Install Dissolved Air Flotation System to
  recover more

fibre and water
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Results - Case study
Economic benefits

• installation cost f 2 million

• end of pipe treatment f 1 million

In any event
Investment in clean tech f 1 million
Payback time app. 5 years
Advantages

• SS low

• reusable clarified water recovered

• fibre reclaimed

• process simple

no extra operating staff
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WASTE MINIMIZATION

• Katharina Oginawati

Department of Environmental Engineering
Institute Technology of Bandung
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Why Waste Minimization
?
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What is Waste Minimization ?
To prevent the generation of waste at its point
of origin
It is integrating environmental constraints in
the production units
What else in Detail ?
It is the use of materials, processes or
practices that reduce or eliminate the creation
of pollutants or wastes at the sources
It is the use of practices that reduce the use
of hazardous and non-hazardous materials, energy,
water or other resources
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Benefit of Waste Minimization

• Ecologically Economically

1. Environmental Protection
2. Improvement of working conditions
3. Saving raw materials
4. Saving energy
5. Improving quality of product
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Incentives
Getting Management Plan and Commitment
Economic

• Reduce waste management costs

• Improve operation

• Reduce liability risks

• Increased competitive advantage

Compliance with regulations
Reduction in liabilities associated with waste
Improve public image
Reduced environmental impact
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Benefits

• Reduces Risk of Liability

By reducing the volume and potential toxicity of
waste generated

• Reduces Operating Costs

Material costs, waste management and disposal
costs, production costs, energy costs

• Improved Company Image

By providing a safe environment

• Reduces Risk of Liability

By reducing ecological damage due to raw
material extraction and refining operations
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How should Waste Minimization be?

• Not adversely impact product quality or
  marketability

• Offer cost benefits, at least in the long run

• Readily transferable to other industries

• Technological achievability

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How to Waste Minimization?
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General Techniques for Sources Reduction
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Techniques for Recovery Recycle
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Comparing Various Methods
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Waste Minimization Program
Why are we implementing ?
We want to protect our environment
What will be done ?
We will reduce or eliminate amounts of all types
waste, and improve energy efficiency
Who will implement ?
Everyone will be involved
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Obstacle to Minimum Waste Reduction
Political
Financial
Technical
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When do people feel committed to Waste
Minimization program ?
If they are ENCOURAGED to
? Help define company goals and objectives
? Review processes/operations to find where and
how toxic/hazardous substances wastes are
used and generated
? Recommend ways to eliminate wastes at source
? Design/modify forms and records to monitor
materials used and wasted
? Think of ways to acknowledge and reward
employee contribution to the waste
minimization effort
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Preparing Program
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Issues on Developing and ImplementingWaste
Minimization Program
Site reviews Supplement and explain
existing data
Good planning Essential for efficient site
reviews
Look at procedure as they are performed in the
production environment
Normalization factors Units produced
Hours of labour Hours of
production
Identify waste sources
Material balance Reveals quantities lost to
emission or to accumulation in equipment
Expertise of a variety of people Required for
technical evaluation
Cost/Benefits of Waste Minimization be
quantified
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Issues on Implementing Phase
Waste minimization is a continuing program, not
an one-time effort

• Justify projects obtain fundings,
• Consider tangible and intangible benefits
• Waste minimization programme should compete with
  other profit-
• making project alternatives on the basis of
  cost-effectiveness

Install/Modify equipment Operational
Procedural Material changes
Implement new procedures As a result of
process modification or installation of
new equipment
Evaluate Performance of Program

• Result must be measured and evaluated

• Program should reflect improvements in

Project management cost Public image
Operation
Environment quality Liability risks
Product quality Competition
advantage
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Issues in Maintaining the Program
? Talking and reporting are essential
? Reports should be communicated to all
employees through written announcement and
meetings
? Show employees their ideas are welcome
? Good suggestions should be put into practice
recognized
? Classroom interaction generates ideas
? Advanced training
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