Chapter 9: The Progressive Era 1890-1920

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• Chapter 9 The Progressive Era 1890-1920
• Section 1 The Origins of Progressivism

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• I. The Origins of Progressivism
• A. Introduction
• 1. Progressivism. What is it?
• a political movement which sought to improve
  daily life.
• when? 1890-1920
• 2. The Progressive Movement began in
• cities because of
  industrialization. For example,
• urban and rural poverty and blight
• child labor
• immigration
• political corruption
• public health
• poor working conditions
• monopolies

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Moral Reform Goal
Social Welfare Reform Goal
Examples
Examples
Four Goals of Progressivism Summery
Industrial Reform (fostering efficiency) Goal
Economic Reform Goal
Examples
Examples
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Moral Reform Goal To uplift immigrants and the
poor by improving personal behavior
Social Welfare Reform Goal To soften some of the
harsh conditions of industrialization
Examples Prohibition WCTU/Francis
Willard Anti-Saloon League
Examples YMCA Settlement Houses Salvation
Army Florence Kelly
Four Goals of Progressivism Summery Middle Class
Reformers addressed problems such as, unsafe
working conditions, role of corporations, and
making government more democratic.
Economic Reform Goal To question the uneven
balance among big business, government, and
ordinary people under capitalism.
Industrial Reform (fostering efficiency) Goal
To improve society through science/technology
Examples Brandeis Brief Frederick Winslow
Taylor Scientific Management Henry Ford
Examples Socialism Eugene V. Debs Muckrakers Ida
M. Tarbell vs. Standard Oil
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• B. The Four Goals1. Social Welfare Reform.
• Goal To soften some of the harsh conditions of
  industrialization
• How
• Settlement Houses Homes for the
  homeless/immigrants/poor
• YMCA libraries and sports for poor
• Salvation Army Soup kitchens

Henry Street Settlement
Hull House
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Florence Kelly
(September 12, 1859 February 17, 1932)
Fought against sweatshops and for the minimum
wage, eight-hour workdays and children's rights.
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• 2. Promoting Moral Improvement.
• Goal To uplift immigrants and the poor by
  improving personal behavior
• How?
• Prohibition ban alcohol/ Carry Nation
• WCTU went into saloons and made scene
• Kindergartens, visiting sick and prisons

(November 25, 1846 - June 9, 1911)
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• 3. Creating Economic Reform.
• Goal To question the uneven balance among big
  business, government, and ordinary people under
  capitalism.
• How?
• Some people looked for a new economic systems.
• Socialism Eugene V. Debs
• Said business had too much power
• Government can be trusted more than individuals
• Monopolies should be broken apart

(November 5, 1855 October 20, 1926)
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• Muckrakers Journalists who wrote about corporate
  abuses
• Ida Tarbell Wrote The History of the Standard
  Oil Company in 1904.
• Helped lead to the break up of Standard Oil.

(November 5, 1857 January 6, 1944)
John D. Rockefeller
(July 8, 1839 May 23, 1937)
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• 4. Industrial Reform (Foster Efficiency)
• Goal To improve society through
  science/technology
• How?
• Shortened hours, better conditions
• Scientific Management
• Assembly lines
• Not always better for workers

Sir Charles Spencer "Charlie" Chaplin
Modern Times (1936)
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Cleaning Up Local Government
Reforming Local Government
Reform Mayors
Topics
Topics
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Cleaning Up Local Government Summery Cities were
in trouble. Poverty and political corruption were
very common.
Reforming Local Government
Reform Mayors

• Topics
• Commission Government (Galveston, Texas)
• Council-manager Government (Dayton, Ohio)
• People elected city council who in turn selected
  an Individual to manage the city.

• Topics
• Hazen Pingree (Detroit)
• Fair taxes
• Transportation
• End corruption
• Help the unemployed
• Tom Johnson (Cleveland)
• Socialist
• Took over utilities
• Circus tent meetings

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• II. Government Reform
• A. City Government
• 1. Too much corruption
• 2. Reform Mayor
• a. Hazen Pingree Detroit
• Targeted corrupt utility companies, railroads and
  construction.
• Built schools and parks

He gained national recognition through his
"potato patch plan," a systematic use of vacant
city land for gardens which would produce food
for the city's poor.
Hazen Stuart Pingree (August 30, 1840 June 18,
1901)
Statue of Pingree in Grand Circus Park, Detroit.
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• II. Government Reform (cont.)
• A. City Government (cont.)
• 1. Tom Johnson (Cleveland)
• Socialist
• Fired corrupt officials
• Took over utility companies
• Circus tent meetings

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Efforts to Limit Working Hours
Reform Governors
Reform at the State Level Summery Reform
railroads, industry and other large businesses
Protecting Working Children
Reforming Elections
Direct Election of Senators
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Efforts to Limit Working Hours
Reform Governors

• Topics
• Muller v. Oregon, 1908
• Bunting v. Oregon, 1917
• Injury/death Benefits

• Topics
• Robert M. La Follette (Wisconsin)
• Railroad

Reform at the State Level Summery
Protecting Working Children
Reforming Elections
Direct Election of Senators

• Topics
• Secret Ballot
• Initiative
• Referendum
• Recall

• Topics
• National Child Labor Committee
• Keating-Owen Act, 1916
• Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional

• Topics
• 17th Amendment

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• B. State Government
• 1. Governor Robert Lafollette (Wisconsin)
• Targeted the RR. Why?
• To protect children
• Too many children working
• Earning less pay
• Not going to school
• Victims of accidents
• What would that mean for future?
• Used photography to show horrors
• Led to the Keatings-Owen Act (1916) stopped
  transportation of goods produced by children
  across state lines.

(June 14, 1855 June 18, 1925)
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• C. Election Reforms
• Promote Democracy and Citizen Action
• Examples
• Initiative
• Secrete ballot
• Recall
• Referendum
• 17th Amendment Direct election of Senators

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Child Labor Today