World War II

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World War II 1939-1945

• Causes
• 1. Treaty of Versailles 1919 punished
  Germany for World War I
• 2. Great Depression 1929-1940 world-wide
  economic problems
• 3. Nationalism/Militarism
• 4. Rise of totalitarianism government has
  complete control
• 5. Fascism one person controls the government
  Dictatorship government is more important
  than individuals

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Europe

• Germany
• Nazis National Socialist German Workers Party
• 1923 Adolf Hitler attempts to overthrow
  government he is arrested and jailed writes
  Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
• Aryan Master Race
• 1932 Hitler elected Chancellor of Germany - Der
  Fuhrer( the leader)
• Third Reich set up dictatorship over Germany
• 1. Rebuilt Military
• 2. Began massive jobs programs
• 3. took back Rhineland - 1936
• 4. began discrimination against Jews
• Kristallnacht night of broken glass Nov. 9,
  1938

• Italy
• 1922 Benito Mussolini becomes dictator of Italy
  Il Duce (the leader)
• Promised to bring order and prosperity to Italy
• 1935 invaded Ethiopia
• Wanted to create a new Roman Empire

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Axis Leaders
Benito Mussolini
Adolf Hitler
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Benito Mussolini arrested for speaking about
overthrowing government
Adolf Hitler as a child
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Hitler Artwork
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Hitlers mother Klara
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Hitlers father, Alois
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BFFS
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Nazi Rally at Nuremberg in 1936
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Hitler Parades
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Europe

• 1936 Germany and Italy formed Axis Powers
  both desire more living space, resources, and
  power
• 1938 Germany takes over Austria
• 1938-39 Germany takes over Czechoslovakia
• September 1938 Munich Conference
• Appeasement Neville Chamberlain

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Japan

• Japan needed natural resources, especially oil
• 1931 Japan invades Manchuria in China
• By 1937, Japan controls most of Northern China
• Franklin Roosevelt cuts off the sale of metals
  and oil to Japan to punish them for their
  aggression
• Japan decides that America is a threat and begins
  planning an attack
• Emperor Hirohito
• Military Dictatorship General Hideki Tojo
• Japan joins Axis Powers in 1940

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Hirohito
General Hideki Tojo
Admiral Yamamoto
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War Begins

• September 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland
  France and England (Allied Powers) declare war on
  Germany (Phony War)
• Winston Churchill British Prime Minister
• Blitzkrieg - lightning war
• April 1940 Denmark and Norway conquered
• May-June 1940 France conquered England is
  alone
• U.S. PresidentFranklin D. Roosevelt 1933-1945
• Lend-Lease Act - 1940 U.S. loans weapons and
  supplies to England
• Atlantic Charter August 1941
• December 7, 1941 - Japanese bomb U.S. naval base
  at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

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Arizona Memorial
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Mobilizing for War

• 1940 Selective Training and Service Act
• First peacetime draft in US history
• 15 million Americans joined military
• War Production Board
• Japanese-Americans Nisei - many faced
  internment (imprisonment) in 1942 over 125,000
  lost their possessions and stayed in prison camps
  until the war is over
• Executive Order 9066Feb. 19, 1942

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Women and Minorities

• Women in Armed Service
• WACsWomens Army Corps (previously WAACsWomens
  Auxiliary Army Corps)
• WAVESWomen Accepted for Voluntary Emergency
  Service (Navy)
• WASP-Womens Air Force Service Pilots
• 1000 women pilots logged more than 60 million
  miles and ferried 75 of the planes
• Nurseslargest group of women in war
• 60,000 1500 decorated for bravery more than
  200 killed in the line of duty

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Battles in North Africa and Europe

• Battle of the Atlantic 1940-44 America trying
  to send supplies and troops to England
• Battle of Britain - 1940
• Africa fighting was for control of oil fields
  and Suez Canal
• El Alamein November 1942
• 1. Bernard Montgomery British General
• 2. Erwin Rommel German General Desert
• Fox
• Dwight Eisenhower Main American commander in
  Europe

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Bernard Montgomery
Erwin Rommel
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European Battles

• Western Front
• November 1942, Allies invade North Africa
• September 1943 Allies invade Italy
• 1942-45 Allied Bombing of Germany
• June 6, 1944 D-Day Allies invade
  German-occupied France
• December 1944 Battle of the Bulgelast German
  offensive
• Roosevelt dies on April 12, 1945 Harry Truman
  becomes President
• Hitler commits suicide on April 30, 1945
• Germany surrenders on May 7, 1945 (V-E Day)

• Eastern Front
• June 22, 1941 - Germany invades Soviet Union
• Sept. 1942-February 1943 Stalingrad - turning
  point of the war
• August 1943 Kursk
• Joseph Stalin Dictator of Soviet Union -
  Communism

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Battle of Stalingrad
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D-Day June 6, 1944
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D-Day
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D-Day
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Battle of the Bulge
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Battle of the Bulge
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Mussolini and Mistress
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Eva Braun and Hitler
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Japanese Battles

• Philippines December 1941-May 1942
• Chester Nimitz American naval commander
• Douglas Macarthur American Army commander
• Midway June 1942 turning point in Pacific
• Guadalcanal August 1942- February 1943
• Island-hopping
• Battle of Leyte Gulf October 1944
• Iwo Jima February 1945 Kamikaze (Divine Wind)
• Okinawa April June 1945
• Manhattan Projectcreate atomic bomb
• August 6, 1945 U.S. drops atomic bomb on
  Hiroshima Little Boy
• August 9, 1945 second bomb dropped on Nagasaki
  Fat Man
• August 15, 1945 Japan surrenders/V-J Day--Sept.
  2, 1945official surrender aboard the USS Missouri

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Okinawa
Iwo Jima
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Kamikaze about to hit U.S.S. Missouri
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Assembly of first atomic bomb
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Atomic Bomb explosions
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• Navajo Code Talkerskept military plans from
  being intercepted and decoded (Pacific Theater)
• used Navajo language for the 211 most used terms
  in the field

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Homefront

• Rationing
• Use it up, wear it out, make it do, or do
  without
• Food (sugar, coffee) other (gas, nylon)
• Used points and coupons
• Victory gardens, scrap drives
• Rosie the Riveter
• Around 80,000 women accepted to work in factories
  (750,000 applied)

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Cost of the War

• 50 to 60 million dead maybe as many as 100
  million
• Cost between 1 to 2 trillion dollars
• Europe and parts of Asia devastated
• Europe divided between a free West and a
  Communist East controlled by Soviet Union Iron
  Curtain
• United States emerges as a world superpower and
  leader of the free world Soviet Union becomes
  main rival Cold War
• NATO/Warsaw Pact nuclear arms race Soviet
  Union develops atomic weapons in 1949

• Holocaust genocide (murder) of Jews in Europe
• 6 million dead two-thirds of all Jews in Europe
  11 million total
• Death Camps
• Nuremberg Trials Nazi leaders tried for war
  crimes in 1945-46 12 executed
• International Military Tribunal for the Far East
  war crimes trials for Japan 720 executed
• Creation of United Nations
• Creation of Israel
• Marshall Plan

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German Concentration Camps
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Crematorium
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Auschwitz
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Gas Chamber at Auschwitz
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Auschwitz
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Oskar Schindler
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Allied Leaders
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Winston Churchill
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Harry Truman
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Joseph Stalin
Dwight D. Eisenhower
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Bernard Montgomery
George S. Patton
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Douglas Macarthur
Chester Nimitz
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Herman Goering
Heinrich Himmler
Nazi Leaders
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Josef Goebbels
Josef Mengele
Adolf Eichmann
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German Tanks
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German Tiger Tank
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American Sherman Tank
Russian T-34
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Flamethrower
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MG-42
German MP-40
Kar-98
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US machine gun
M-1
BAR
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American B-17 bomber
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American P-51 Mustang
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American P-38 Lightning
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German Me-109
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German Me-262 first jet plane
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German V-1 buzzbomb
V-2 first guided missile