World War II

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World War II

• United States
• Involvement

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Part 1

• The Home Front

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I. Mobilizing For War

• A. We were not ready, but......
• 1. Draft--1940
• 2. 1.6 million in army--1941
• 3. guns, planes, tanks, and ships built
• This got the United States completely out of
  the Great Depression.

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II. Converting to Wartime

• A. Factories war materials full employment
  prosperity on the home front
• B. Ration
• 1. oil, sugar, meat, shoes, coffee, gas
• 2. coupons

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III. Women During World War II

• A. In the Armed Forces 1945
• 1. 258,000 women in armed forces
• 2. no combat
• 3. did all other jobs
• B. Had to join work force
• 1. 6 million more women (Total 18 million)
• C. Did mens jobs
• 1. lumberjacks
• 2. blast furnace operators
• 3. blacksmiths
• 4. doctors
• 5. chemists
• 6. lawyers
• D. Black women benefit
• 1. better jobs
• 2. more able to work

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IV. African-Americans During the War

• Racial segregation and the war
• A. 1 million black soldiers
• --less discrimination than WWI
• B. Dr. Charles Drew
• --blood bank
• C. Segregation still existed
• D. 1949--no racial quotas in armed forces

• . Black Americans and the home front
• A. A. Philip Randolph
• --fought for racial equality
• B. Blacks moved to the cities to work for
  factories
• (Just like in WWI)

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United Streaming Video Factories During WWII
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V. Japanese-Americans are Interned

• A. 1942
• 1. 11,000 J-A rounded up
• 2. sold homes
• 3. closed businesses
• 4. put into camps
• 5. no evidence of guilt
• 6. released in 1944
• 1200 of these J-As fought for the U.S. in
  WWII!!!!!!

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United Streaming Video Japanese-Americans are
Interned 105
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VI. Raising Money

• A. War cost 321 billion!
• 1. taxes raised
• 2. war bonds (100 billion sold)

Farmers were doing well during the
war. Manufacturing wages went up 50. Many
prospered during the war.
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United Streaming Video Financing the War 134
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VII. Propaganda

• A. U.S. created Office of War Information
• 1. promoted public support for war
• 2. used propaganda
• a. movies
• b. advertisements
• c. artwork
• d. one of most famous Frank Capras series Why
  We Fight, which was shown around the U.S.

• This propaganda showed our enemies as brutal
  barbarians and
• the U.S. as the good guys.

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OGT Multiple Choice

• (Practice Test Booklet 2005) During World War
  II, in the United States Japanese-Americans were
• A. given full rights as American citizens
• B. given partial rights as Americans citizens
• C. treated as though the war had not happened
• D. forced into internment camps

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OGT Multiple Choice

• Which was NOT a way the U.S. raised money for
  World War II?
• A. taxes were raised
• B. war bonds were sold
• C. the government forced people to donate money

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OGT Multiple Choice

• (Practice Test Booklet 2005) Which of the
  following statements best describes what happens
  to constitutional rights in the United States
  during times of war?
• A. Americans are free to exercise all of the
  freedoms guaranteed by the Constitution
• B. Many constitutional freedoms are restricted
  because of concerns over national security
• C. By law, the Constitution is temporarily
  abolished until after the war is over.
• D. Americans find no change in the amount of
  freedom they have during wartime

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OGT Short Answer

• During times of war or perceived danger to the
  United States, groups of Americans have been
  singled out as potentially disloyal to the
  country. For example, during World War I,
  patriotic support for the war led to a distrust
  and persecution of German-Americans. In some
  places, German language instruction was
  forbidden, and German culture and heritage were
  subject to discrimination.
• Identify a group of Americans that was targeted
  as potentially disloyal in the years between 1940
  and 1985. (1 point)
• Explain why this group was targeted. (1 point)

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OGT Extended ResponseWhat impact did World War
II have on African-American and women in regards
to the workforce? (4 points)
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OGT Extended ResponseBefore World War II began,
the United States was in the worst depression in
history. Although FDR tried many different
programs in his New Deal, the depression did not
end until World War II. Explain how World War II
impacted our economy, and how this war led us out
of depression.(4 points)
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OGT Extended ResponseDuring World War II,
Japanese-Americans were forced into intern camps.
Do you agree with this? Give two reasons
why you agree or disagree.What rights were
taken away from this group?(4 points)
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Part 2War on Two Fronts
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U. S. Had War on Two Fronts

• A. Pacific
• 1. Japan
• 2. Pearl Harbor
• 3. Wake Island
• 4. Guam
• 5. Philippines
• 6. Dutch East Indies
• 7. Malaya
• 8. Hong Kong
• 9. Others

• B. Atlantic
• 1. Germany
• a. submarines
• b. controlled most of Europe
• c. Balkans
• d. close to Moscow
• Italy

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I. The End of the Beginning

• A. 1st--Beat GERMANS!!!!!
• B. Pacific (Japan) active defense

• The battle of the Atlantic
• A. Germans--subs
• 1. sinking many ships
• B. Battle of the Atlantic
• 1. Radar and sonar invented
• a. radar-planes
• --locate and destroy
• --advise ships
• b. sonar-ships

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Success in North Africa(Map--page 680)

• A. Desert Fox Edwin Rommel
• 1. German commander in N. Africa
• 2. great and daring
• 3. moved closer to taking
• a. Egypt
• b. Suez Canal
• c. Oil fields in Middle East
• 4. Ultra--decoded German signals
• a. Brits built up for offensive

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Success in North Africa, continued

• B. General Bernard Montgomery
• 1. Brit Commander
• 2. Oct. 23, 1943
• a. attacked Germans in N. Africa
• b. broke through and chased Rommel
• c. Rommel beaten! His Afrika Corps
• were known as unbeatable!!!!!
• C. U.S. / Britain surprise attack
• 1. Nov. 8, 1942
• 2. 350 ships land in W and N Africa
• 3. Quickly got help from Vichy France
• 4. 3 days--Allies control Africa (except
  Tunisia)
• D. Russia
• 1. Broke sieges of Leningrad and Stalingrad
• 2. moved west to Europe
• The tide is turning!!!!!!!!

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IV. Active Defense in the PacificMap on page
684

• A. Japan winning!
• 1. control most of Pacific
• B. Active defense
• 1. Hang on until beat Nazis
• 2. Keep Samoa and Hawaii and Australia

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United Streaming Video Kamikazes 34
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V. Raid on Tokyo

• VI. Raid on Tokyo
• A. U.S. aircraft carriers at sea during P.
  Harbor
• 1. used these to attack/annoy Japan
• a. Ex--Wake Island
• 2. April 18, 1942
• a. Gen. Doolittle
• --B52-s attack Japan. Preview!!!!!!!

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VI. Battle of the Coral Sea

• A. Gen. Yamamoto wants major sea battle
• 1. Prevent U.S. from getting strong
• B. Coral Sea
• 1. May 7th and 8th, 1942
• 2. NEW!!!!! Aircraft carrier vs. aircraft
  carrier
• C. Heavy losses
• 1. U.S. loses Lexington
• 2. Japan had to use its fleet heading to
  Aus.

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The Battle of Midway, June 4, 1942

• A. Strategic island--U.S. controlled
• 1. Japan wanted it!
• 2. Admiral Yamamoto attacks
• B. Magic decoder
• 1. U.S. knew of the attack
• 2. U.S. sank 4 of Japans best carriers
• 3. U.S. destroyed planes
• 4. Japans first major loss!!!!
• THE BALANCE OF POWER NOW SHIFTED TO THE UNITED
  STATES!!!! JAPAN NOW COULD NOT TAKE MIDWAY,
  FIJI, OR SAMOA!!!!!!!

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United Streaming Video Battle of Midway 102
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VIII. The Battle for Guadalcanal

• A. Japan had control
• B. Allies want it back
• C. Operation Shoestring
• 1. 20,000 marines land on the island
• 2. short on supplies (due to loss at Savo
  Island--read 684 left col.)
• 3. steaming jungle
• 4. hand-to-hand fighting
• 5. Marines outfought Japanese
• 6. Feb. 9, 1943--Japan surrenders
• 7. Heavy losses for both sides
• 8. Japanese advance was stopped

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OGT Multiple Choice

• When the U.S. first entered the war, our goal was
  to first defeat the
• A. Italians
• B. Germans
• C. Japanese
• D. Austro-Hungarians

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OGT Multiple Choice

• Which battle was fought in the steaming jungle
  and resulted in heavy losses for both sides?
• A. Battle of the Coral Sea
• B. Battle of Midway
• C. Battle of Guadalcanal
• D. Battle of Wake Island

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OGT Multiple Choice

• During World War II, what weapon did the Germans
  use to sink many American ships in the Atlantic?
• A. destroyers
• B. aircraft carriers
• C. battle ships
• D. submarines

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OGT Multiple Choice

• Which battle was the first ever to be between
  aircraft carriers?
• A. Battle of the Coral Sea
• B. Battle of Midway
• C. Battle of Guadalcanal
• D. Battle of Wake Island

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OGT Multiple Choice

• Which battle was Japans first major loss?
• A. Battle of the Coral Sea
• B. Battle of Midway
• C. Battle of Guadalcanal
• D. Battle of Wake Island

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Part 3

• Victory in Europe
• Plan
• U.S.--wants to invade France (1943)
• B. GB--Take Sicily and knock out Italy
• Not stop until unconditional surrender.

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I. The Fall of Tunisia

• A. Axis army surrounded (Rommel)
• B. March 7, 1943
• 1. Rommel called back to Germany
• C. May 7, 1943
• 1. Gen von Armin surrenders
• 2. 250,000 prisoners taken
• 3. Ger. best soldiers
• 4. Italian morale destroyed
• Major victory for Allies--now can invade Italy

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II. The Battle in Italy

• A. July 10, 1943
• 1. 250,000 Allies land in Sicily
• 2. largest water operation ever!
• B. Italian army pushed back to Italy
• 1. tired of war
• 2. Mussolini resigns
• 3. Sept. 3, 1943--armistice with Italy
• C. Germans send army to Italy
• 1. fierce fighting
• 2. June 4, 1944--Allies take Rome
• 3. thousands killed

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III. The Air War

• A. Allies began bombing Germany
• 1. G.B. began in 1941 (RAF)
• a. saturation attacks--destroy cities
• b. 46,000 tons of bombs dropped
• c. lots of damage
• d. hoped to get Nazis to surrender
• 2. USA Air Force--1942
• a. pinpoint attacks--specific targets
• b. Flying Fortresses--used B-17 bombers
• 3. Bombing helped weaken Germany
• a. destroyed cities and factories
• b. lowered morale--civilians killed

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IV. D-Day in France

• A. June 1944--invade France via English Channel
• 1. best kept secret of war
• 2. Dwight David Eisenhower--U.S. General
• B. Nazi buildup along coast
• 1. 58 divisions
• C. Allies trick Axis
• 1. Calais--shortest distance
• 2. sent radio broadcasts to fool Nazis

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D-Day, continued

• D. June 6, 1944--D-Day
• 1. Normandy, France
• 2. 600 warships
• 3. 4000 support craft
• 4. 11,000 planes
• E. Success!
• 1. Hitler still waiting at Calais
• 2. Allies secure beach
• 3. 326,000 men
• 4. 50,000 vehicles
• 5. 100,000 supplies
• Many people were killed on this bloody
  invasion.

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United Streaming Video D-Day 230
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D-Day Invasion Audio
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V. The Allies on the Move

• A. July 6 - July 24 Battle of Normandy
• 1. 1 million men
• 2. controlled 1500 square miles
• B. Move through France
• 1. July 25, 1944
• a. Gen. George Patton strikes Germans
• b. French help
• c. General A.M. Patch
• --comes up from Mediterranean Sea

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Allies on the Move, continued

• C. Allies take Paris
• 1. took only 6 weeks!
• 2. Germans lost 1/2 million men
• D. Going to Germany
• 1. General Courtney Hodge
• 2. Battle Hitlers unbeatable Thousand
  Year Reich army
• 3. Sept. 12, 1944--3 million Allies ready
• 4. Soviets help
• a. came from East
• b. battled the Germans
• Germany fighting a two-front war!!!!!!

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VI. The Battle of the Bulge

• A. Dec. 16, 1944
• 1. Germans--1 final attack
• 2. Goals
• a. seize Antwerp (main Allied base)
• b. cut Allied army in half
• B. The attack
• 1. foul weather
• a. grounded Ally planes
• 2. Woods
• a. Nazis hid
• b. surprised Allies

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Battle of the Bulge, continued

• 3. The start
• a. good for Germans
• b. advanced 60 miles
• c. created Bulge
• d. Nazi surrounded McAuliffe
• e. McAuliffe Nuts
• f. McAuliffe holds on
• g. Bulge pinched off
• h. U.S. losses heavy
• i. Nazis lose 120,000 of best soldiers
• Allies win this battle!

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United Streaming Video Battle of the Bulge 123
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The Yalta Conference

• A. Feb. 1945--Allies winning
• 1. FDR
• 2. Churchill
• 3. Stalin
• B. Soviet Union wants
• 1. Punish Germany pay reparations
• 2. Control Eastern Europe Czechoslovakia,
  Hungary, Austria, Bulgaria, Romania, and Poland.
  Make all under Soviet control.
• C. US and Britain want
• 1. SU to help vs. Japanese
• 2. Promise free elections in Eastern Europe
• 3. We knew we couldnt trust Stalin
• D. Yalta Accords Oct. 1945. Gave SU control
  over Eastern Europe

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The Failure to take Berlin(Map on page 693)

• A. Germany surrounded
• 1. U.S./GB from west
• 2. S.U. from east
• B. DDE decision
• 1. Take Berlin--Democracy?
• 2. Allow S.U. to take Berlin--Communist?
• DDE stops 50 miles short of Berlin--no more
  killed. Churchill believes this is big
  mistake.

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XI. The Death of Roosevelt

• A. Warm Springs, Georgia
• 1. FDR getting treatment for paralyzed legs
• B. April 12, 1945
• 1. blood vessel burst in his brain
• 2. died shortly after
• C. Million mourned
• D. FDR unable to see Nazis surrender
• E. VP Harry S Truman takes over

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United Streaming Video Death of FDR 41
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FDR Dies Audio
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X. Germany Surrenders

• A. Germany surrounded
• B. Hitler commits suicide
• C. Mussolini captured and executed
• 1. Hung up for all to see
• D. V-E Day--May 8, 1945
• 1. Germans unconditional surrender

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V-E Day Audio
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OGT Multiple Choice

• The D-Day invasion was designed to drive the
• A. Japanese out of the Philippines
• B. Italians out of North Africa
• C. Germans out of France
• D. Russians out of Poland

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OGT Multiple Choice

• All of the following were present at Yalta except
• A. FDR
• B. Adolf Hitler
• C. Winston Churchill
• D. Joseph Stalin

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OGT Multiple Choice

• Which pair of countries was Nazi Germany unable
  to conquer?
• A. Poland and France
• B. France and England
• C. Russia and France
• D. Russia and England

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OGT Multiple Choice

• The critical D-Day invasion was directed by the
  Supreme Commander of Allied Forces, General
• A. George Patton
• B. Courtney Hodges
• C. A.M. Patch
• D. Dwight D. Eisenhower

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OGT Multiple Choice

• At Yalta, Joseph Stalin made all of the following
  promises except to
• A. tell Germany they did not have to pay war
  reparations
• B. allow Eastern European countries their choice
  of governments
• C. support the United States against Japan
• D. allow free elections in Poland

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OGT Multiple Choice

• After the D-Day invasion, how many weeks did it
  take for the Allies to take Paris?
• A. 2 weeks
• B. 4 weeks
• C. 6 weeks
• D. 8 weeks

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OGT Multiple Choice

• The bombing of Germany did all of the following
  except
• A. rise the morale of the Germans
• B. weaken Germany
• C. destroy German factories
• D. destroy German cities

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OGT Multiple Choice

• The critical D-Day invasion was directed by the
  Supreme Commander of Allied Forces, General
• A. George Patton
• B. Courtney Hodges
• C. A.M. Patch
• D. Dwight D. Eisenhower

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OGT Multiple Choice

• Where did the D-Day invasion take place?
• A. Calais
• B. Antwerp
• C. Normandy
• D. Paris

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Part 4

• War in the Pacific
• The victory is but half won. -- President
  Truman

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I. The Struggle for the Islands (Map pg. 700)

• A. Gen. Douglas MacArthur
• 1. west Pacific islands
• B. Marines and navy
• 1. central Pacific
• Both had to succeed!
• C. Fierce fighting
• 1. Japanese fought hard
• 2. Thousands killed
• D. Islands we took
• 1. Tarawa (Nov. 1943)
• 2. Kwajalein (Feb. 1944)
• 3. Saipon (Feb. 1944)
• 4. Iwo Jima (Feb-March 1945)
• 5. Okinawa (April-June 1945)

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II. The Return to the Philippines

• A. Gen. Douglas MacArthur
• 1. 1942--lost Philippines I shall
  return.
• 2. 1944--he came back
• 3. U.S. took back control of the Philippines
• a. knocked Japans navy out

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III. Splitting the Atom

• A. The best from around the world came to the
  US 1. Albert Einstein--Jew from Germany
• 2. Enrico Fermi--Italy
• 3. Others from Austria, Czech, and Denmark
• B. Atomic bomb
• 1. split atoms
• 2. catastrophic weapon
• C. December 2. 1942 at 345pm
• 1. successful in splitting uranium atoms
• 2. university of Chicago

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IV. The Atomic Bomb

• A. Manhattan Project
• 1. FDR set it up to prepare to build the bomb
• 2. took 3 more years to develop the bomb
• 3. cost 2 billion
• B. July 16, 1945 at 530am
• 1. test
• 2. Alamogordo, New Mexico
• 3. first mushroom cloud
• C. Germany and Italy already surrendered

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The Atomic Bomb, continued

• D. Warned Japan
• 1. they still didnt give up
• E. Should we drop bomb
• 1. If yes--thousands of innocent people killed
• 2. If no--thousands of Americans killed
• F. August 6, 1945
• 1. Hiroshima
• 2. 75,000 killed immediately
• 3. Thousands more died of radiation
• G. August 14, 1945
• 1. Nagasaki

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United Streaming Video Atomic Bomb 149
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Atomic Bomb Audio
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Japan Surrenders 30
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V. The Cost of World War II

• A. U.S.--lost 292,000. (four times more than
  WWI)
• B. Russia--27 million
• C. Germans--4 million
• D. Japanese--2 million
• E. Chinese--22 million
• F. Jews--6 million killed in concentration camps

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WAR IS OVER. NOW, A WHOLE NEW SET OF
PROBLEMS!THE UNITED STATES AND THE SOVIET UNION
BECOME THE 2 SUPERPOWERS ON THE PLANET. THESE 2
COUNTRIES WILL BE INVOLVED IN A COLD WAR FOR
THE NEXT 50 YEARS.
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United Streaming Video End of World War II
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OGT Multiple Choice

• Which is FALSE about the Manhattan project?
• A. FDR set it up to prepare to build the atomic
  bomb.
• B. This project took 3 years to develop the
  atomic bomb.
• C. This project cost 2 billion.
• D. The project was not kept secret, and the
  American public knew about it.

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OGT Multiple Choice

• The United States lost how many people in World
  War II?
• A. About 300,000
• B. About 1,000,000
• C. About 4,000,000
• D. About 10,000,000

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OGT Multiple Choice

• On August 14, 1945 the U.S. dropped the second
  atomic bomb on which city?
• A. Tokyo
• B. Hiroshima
• C. Nagasaki
• D. Kyoto

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OGT Multiple Choice

• Where was the first test of an atomic bomb?
• A. Denver, Colorado
• B. Alamogordo, New Mexico
• C. Truth or Consequences, New Mexico
• D. Phoenix, Arizona

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OGT Multiple Choice

• On August 6, 1945 the U.S. dropped the first
  atomic bomb on which city?
• A. Tokyo
• B. Hiroshima
• C. Nagasaki
• D. Kyoto

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OGT Multiple Choice

• At which university were uranium atoms first
  split?
• A. University of Chicago
• B. University of Ohio State
• C. University of Michigan
• D. University of Indiana

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OGT Short Answer

• When World War II ended, this began a new world
  order. There were now two superpowers in the
  world. (2 points)
• Who were the two superpowers? (1 point)
• What is the name given to the relationship
  between these two countries over
• the next 50 years? (1 point)

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OGT Extended Response

• (Practice Test Booklet 2005) The United States
  dropping the two atom bombs on Japan remains a
  controversial issue. If you were an advisor to
  President Truman, what advice would you give?
  Explain why you would give him this advice. (4
  points)