Marine Mammals

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Right whale Fig. 12-15

• Marine Mammals
• Cetacea
• Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) 15 species
• Includes largest animal ever on earth
• Blue whale To 33.5 m long, 100 tons
• Baleen plates attached to upper jaws
• Made of keratin (same protein as hair,
  fingernails)
• Squeeze water through baleen and lick off
  retained food (usually organisms)
• Primarily feed on zooplankton
• Three families
• Balaenidae (right and bowhead whales)
• Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
• Eschrichtidae (gray whale)

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Fig. 12-14
Blue
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Right whale Fig. 12-15

• Marine Mammals
• Cetacea
• Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) 15 species
• Includes largest animal ever on earth
• Blue whale To 33.5 m long, 100 tons
• Baleen plates attached to upper jaws
• Made of keratin (same protein as hair,
  fingernails)
• Squeeze water through baleen and lick off
  retained food (usually organisms)
• Primarily feed on zooplankton
• Three families
• Balaenidae (right and bowhead whales)
• Balaenopteridae (rorquals)
• Eschrichtidae (gray whale)

4

• Marine Mammals
• Cetacea
• Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) 15 species
• Balaenidae 5 species
• Bowhead, N Atlantic, N Pacific, Southern, Pygmy
  Right
• No dorsal fin, throat grooves
• Feed continuously while swimming
• Long, fine baleen
• Balaenopteridae 9 species
• Brydes, Blue, Edens, Fin, Humpback, Antarctic
  Minke, Common Minke, Omuras, Sei
• Feed by gulping schools of fish or krill
• Ventral grooves expand during gulp
• Large blue whales may enclose up to 17,500
  gallons (70 tons) of water in one gulp
• Blue whales eat 3,000-5,000 kg of food each day!
• Short baleen, small dorsal fin, ventral grooves
• Eschrichtidae 1 species
• Gray
• Feed by scooping sediments organisms from sea
  floor

Humpback
Right
Blue
Gray
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North Atlantic Right Whale
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Fig. 12-14
Southern Right
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• Marine Mammals
• Cetacea
• Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) 15 species
• Balaenidae 5 species
• Bowhead, N Atlantic, N Pacific, Southern, Pygmy
  Right
• No dorsal fin, throat grooves
• Feed continuously while swimming
• Long, fine baleen, no dorsal fin, no ventral
  grooves
• Balaenopteridae 9 species
• Brydes, Blue, Edens, Fin, Humpback, Antarctic
  Minke, Common Minke, Omuras, Sei
• Feed by gulping schools of fish or krill
• Ventral grooves expand during gulp
• Large blue whales may enclose up to 17,500
  gallons (70 tons) of water in one gulp
• Blue whales eat 3,000-5,000 kg of food each day!
• Short baleen, small dorsal fin, ventral grooves
• Eschrichtidae 1 species
• Gray
• Feed by scooping sediments organisms from sea
  floor

Humpback
Right
Blue
Gray
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Fig. 12-14
Humpback
9
Fig. 12-16
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11

• Marine Mammals
• Cetacea
• Mysticeti (Baleen Whales) 15 species
• Balaenidae 5 species
• Bowhead, N Atlantic, N Pacific, Southern, Pygmy
  Right
• No dorsal fin, throat grooves
• Feed continuously while swimming
• Long, fine baleen, no dorsal fin, no ventral
  grooves
• Balaenopteridae 9 species
• Brydes, Blue, Edens, Fin, Humpback, Antarctic
  Minke, Common Minke, Omuras, Sei
• Feed by gulping schools of fish or krill
• Ventral grooves expand during gulp
• Large blue whales may enclose up to 17,500
  gallons (70 tons) of water in one gulp
• Blue whales eat 3,000-5,000 kg of food each day!
• Short baleen, small dorsal fin, ventral grooves
• Eschrichtidae 1 species
• Gray
• Feed by scooping sediments organisms from sea
  floor

Humpback
Right
Blue
Gray
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Fig. 12-19
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• Marine Mammals
• Cetacea
• Odontoceti (Toothed Whales) 74 species
• Sperm whales 3 species
• Sperm, Dwarf, Pygmy
• Bulbous head contains spermaceti (waxy substance)
  that may function in buoyancy and sound
  generation
• Sperm whales can dive to 3000 m and stay under
  water for up to two hours!
• Feed on fishes and squids, esp. giant squids
• Produce ambergris, undigested material in stomach
• Toothed whales 28 species
• Beaked, Beluga, False Killer, Narwhal, Orca,
  Pilot
• Most common in cold water
• Dolphins Porpoises 43 species
• Distinctive beak
• Travel in pods

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Fig. 12-20
Ambergris
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• Marine Mammals
• Cetacea
• Odontoceti (Toothed Whales) 74 species
• Sperm whales 3 species
• Sperm, Dwarf, Pygmy
• Bulbous head contains spermaceti (waxy substance)
  that may function in buoyancy and sound
  generation
• Sperm whales can dive to 3000 m and stay under
  water for up to two hours!
• Feed on fishes and squids, esp. giant squids
• Produce ambergris, undigested material in stomach
• Toothed whales 28 species
• Beaked, Beluga, False Killer, Narwhal, Orca,
  Pilot
• Most common in cold water
• Dolphins Porpoises 43 species
• Distinctive beak
• Travel in pods

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Beluga
Beaked
Pilot
Narwhal
False Killer
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• Marine Mammals
• Cetacea
• Odontoceti (Toothed Whales) 74 species
• Sperm whales 3 species
• Sperm, Dwarf, Pygmy
• Bulbous head contains spermaceti (waxy substance)
  that may function in buoyancy and sound
  generation
• Sperm whales can dive to 3000 m and stay under
  water for up to two hours!
• Feed on fishes and squids, esp. giant squids
• Produce ambergris, undigested material in stomach
• Toothed whales 28 species
• Beaked, Beluga, False Killer, Narwhal, Orca,
  Pilot
• Most common in cold water
• Dolphins Porpoises 43 species
• Distinctive beak
• Travel in pods

19
Dalls Porpoise
Bottlenose Dolphin
Pacific White-Sided Dolphin
Harbor Porpoise
Spectacled Porpoise
Dusky Dolphin
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• Marine Mammals
• Cetacea
• Echolocation
• Common in dolphins, porpoises, toothed whales
• May occur in some baleen whales and pinnipeds
• Sounds generally consist of sharp clicks
• Low-frequency clicks can travel long distances
• Functions
• Detect objects (orientation clicks)
• Characterize objects (discrimination clicks)
• Sonic hunting
• Mechanism
• Air forced through air sacs and focused through
  melon
• Sperm whales may use spermaceti organ
• Sound received through lower jaw

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Fig. 12-24
Dolphins
Whales
Dolphins
Whales
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