Protein Synthesis

1
Protein Synthesis

• Molecular Biology
• Summary flow of genetic information
• DNA ? RNA ? protein
• Capacity to store genetic information, copy it,
  and pass it from generation to generation
• Important Terms
• Transcription
• Translation
• Transcription- DNA ? RNA (nucleus)
• Translation- RNA ? protein (cytoplasm)

2
Protein Synthesis

• Transcription
• Initiation
• RNA polymerase attaches to promoter region on DNA
  and begins to unzip the DNA
• Elongation
• RNA polymerase moves on the DNA 3 ? 5
• mRNA is elongated 5 ? 3
• Termination
• DNA sequence AAAAAAA

3
Protein Synthesis

• Translation
• Initiation
• Small ribosomal subunit attaches to a special
  region near the 5 end of the mRNA
• Start codon is read (AUG) and tRNA binds
• Large subunit attaches to the mRNA
• Elongation
• Termination
• Stop codon

4
Mutations

• Point Mutations
• Changes in just one or a few base pairs in a
  single gene
• Types
• Substitution
• Deletion
• Insertion
• Frameshift mutations