Rocks and Minerals

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Rocks and Minerals
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What is a rock?

• A rock is made up of 2 or more minerals.
• All rocks are made of minerals.
• There are 3 types of rocks
• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic
• Igneous

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What is a mineral?

• The same all the way through.

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3 Types of Rocks

• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic
• Igneous

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Sedimentary

• Made up of layers of material called sediment.
  (Like pages of a book)
• Result of pressure.
• Usually formed at the bottom of streams, rivers,
  lakes and ponds.
• Examples are sandstone and shale.

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Metamorphic

• These are rocks that have changed in some way due
  to movement in the earth.
• Happens through heat and pressure.
• morph means change.

Marble-changed limestone
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Igneous

• Made from fire and heat.
• Made from cooled magma or lava from volcanoes.

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Rock Cycle

• Each type of rock changes over time and becomes a
  new rock through erosion, earth movement and
  extreme heat.

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Erosion

• When rocks are broken apart into smaller pieces
  due to weathering.(water, wind, temperature)

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Fossils

• The remains of ancient animals and plants.
• Has to be at least 10,000 years old.
• Most common fossils are bone, teeth, claws and
  footprints.
• 4 types
• Mold, cast, trace, true form

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Properties and Characteristics

• Rocks and minerals can be classified based on
  different properties.
• Examples of these properties are
• Color
• Luster- How shiny is it?
• Texture- How does it feel?
• Size
• Weight
• Hardness
• Cleavage- How does it break apart?

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Fluorescent Minerals

• Fluorescence-
• Property of producing
• light.

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How are rocks and minerals used?

• Rocks and minerals are used in a variety of ways.
• Examples include
• Building materials
• Machines
• Food
• Decorations
• Jewelry