Living Things

1
Force, Motion, and Work The amount of work done
on an object depends on the direction of the
force and the objects motion.
2
Amount of Work The amount of work done on an
object can be determined by multiplying force
times distance. When April lifts a trumpet or a
tuba up the stairs, she does work.
3
Work and Power Power equals the amount of work
done on an object in a unit of time. How much
time would it take April to move her boxes
upstairs if she runs?
4
Complete the table by calculating the power of
the tow truck in each case.
5
Using Machines Using a ramp makes it easier for
April to move the speaker onto the stage. What is
April's output distance and force?
6
How would you complete the equations? Be sure to
describe each quantity as large or small.
7
Mechanical Advantage The ratio of output force to
input force is the mechanical advantage of a
machine. Drums are tuned by tightening and
loosening bolts. Drum keys make the bolts easier
to turn. What is the keys output force?
8
The graph shows input and output force data for
three different ramps.
9
Inclined Plane An inclined plane allows input
force to be exerted over a longer distance.
10
Wedge Instead of moving an object along an
inclined plane, when a wedge is used the inclined
plane itself moves.
11
Screw The threads of a screw act like an inclined
plane to increase the distance over which input
force is exerted.
12
Levers A seesaw is a type of lever in which the
fulcrum is located halfway between the input and
output forces. What is the name of a machine that
matches each diagram?
13
Mechanical Advantage This graph represents the
type of lever that is a hockey stick, with a
shoulder as the fulcrum. What is the mechanical
advantage of the hockey stick that is gripped at
point D and hits the puck at point A? If it hits
the puck at point B?
14
Three Classes of Levers The three classes of
levers differ in the positions of the fulcrum,
input force, and output force.
15
Levers in the Body Levers can be found throughout
your body. In the last two panels of the diagram,
where would the output force be? What is the
class of lever for each part of the body?
16
Simple Machines in Sailboats You can find many
simple machines on a sailboat. Where are the
pulleys on the diagrams?
17
Types of Pulleys Pulley systems are classified by
the number and position of the wheels they
contain.
18
Wheel and Axle A simple machine made of two
connected objects that rotate about a common axis
is called a wheel and axle.
19
Piano movers use compound machines to get their
job done. Calculate the mechanical advantage (MA)
of each simple machine in the compound machine.
What is the overall mechanical advantage?