CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS CHAPTER 2

1
CLASSIFICATIONOF LIVING THINGS CHAPTER 2
2
Bell Ringer 9/4/14

• Think about different ways you classify things.
  List four groups of things that humans classify,
  such as library books. What happens when you put
  something in the wrong group? Can objects or
  ideas belong in more than one group?

3
ObjectivesSPI 0807.5.1

• Explain why and how organisms are classified.
• List the eight levels of classification.
• Explain scientific names.
• Describe how dichotomous keys help in identifying
  organisms.

4
Classification

• means organizing living things into groups based
  on their similarities.

5
Why Classify?

• The classification of living things makes it
  easier for biologist to answer important
  questions such as
• 1. How many known species there are?
• 2. What are the defining characteristics?
• 3. What are the relationships between
  these species?

6
Early Classification systems

• Aristotle grouped animals according
• to the way they moved

7
Scientists classify

• living and extinct organisms to make them easier
  to study.

8
Organisms are classified by

• shared characteristics and their relationships
  between one another.

9

• The levels of classification go from very general
  to very specific.

10
(No Transcript)
11
The 8 levels (pneumonic device)

• Domain..................................Did
• Kingdom...............................King
• Phylum..................................Philip
• Class.......................................Come
• Order......................................Over
• Family.....................................For
• Genus.....................................Grape
• Species....................................Soda

12

• The science of classifying organisms is called
  taxonomy.

13

• Taxonomy was founded by Linnaeus in the 1700s.
• He classified things only by their shared
  characteristics.

14
Modern Taxonomists Researchers
Look at evolutionary relationships between
animals
Recently found, buried Antarctic lake teems with
new life. Microbes living a lake deep under ice.
Biologists found these new living cells that have
been living in the lakes pitch-black water at a
frigid temperature of 0.49 degrees Celsius (31.1
degree Fahrenheit).
15

• A branching diagram can show relationships
  between organisms.
• Organisms that are more closely related are
  closer together on the branching diagram.

16
Branching diagrams
Listen carefully. You will be practicing this in
groups next.
17

• When living things are classified, they get a
  scientific name.
• The scientific name is the same anywhere in the
  world.

18
The 4 Rules to writing a Scientific Name

• 1. Scientific names are usually Latin or Greek.
• 2. The scientific name is always the genus and
  species name together.
• 3. The genus is always written first and
  capitalized. The species is second and is always
  lower case.
• 4. The scientific name is always italicized or
  underlined.
• Example Felis domesticus

19

• Lion Tiger
• Kingdom Animalia Animalia
• Phylum Chordata Chordata
• Class Mammalia Mammalia
• Order Carnivora Carnivora
• Family Felidae Felidae
• Genus Panthera Panthera
• Species leo tigris

?With your elbow partner decide what is the same
about the lion and tiger? What is different?
20
Domains and Kingdoms

• Bacteria are prokaryotic, meaning they do NOT
  have a nuclei.
• All other living things are eukaryotic and have
  nuclei.

21
Scientists use 3 Domains

• Archaea
• Bacteria
• Eukarya

Prokaryotes (no nucleus, single-celled organism)
Eukaryotes (have nucleus)
22
Scientists use 6 Kingdoms

• 1. Archaebacteria
• 2. Eubacteria
• 3. Protista
• 4. Plantae
• 5. Fungi
• 6. Animalia

23
Domain ArchaeaKingdom Archaebacteria

• Live in extreme environments (very hot or cold).
  They have been on earth for about 3 billion
  years.

24
Domain BacteriaKingdom Eubacteria

• Most bacteria live in Kingdom Eubacteria. They
  live in many place all over earth and even inside
  other organisms.

E. Coli lives in the intestines of animals and
decompose undigested food.
25
Domain EukaryaKingdom Protista

• Consists of unicellular and simple multicellular
  organisms. Protista includes organisms that are
  not plants, animals, or fungi.

Paramecium
Zooflagellates
26
Domain EukaryaKingdom Plantae

• Plants are usually green and make food by
  photosynthesis. They are complex, multicellular
  organisms.
• In this kingdom, live the oldest unitary
  organisms in the world...

27
BRISTLECONE PINE
Known to surpass 5,000 years in age.
28
GIANTSEQUOIAThis tree is no longer considered
the longest living tree, but may someday because
they live forever. Only dying when an external
physical event kills the, e.g. fire or erosion.
Oldest sequoia tree today 3,300 years of age and
its the largest member of Plantae
29
Domain Eukarya Kingdom Fungi

• They absorb food from their surroundings. Fungi
  are usually multicellular (except yeast).

30
Domain EukaryaKingdom Animalia

• Most move around and have nervous systems.
  Animals are complex multicellular.

31
Talking Turtles!

• Scientists study talking turtles in Brazilian
  Amazon.
• "These distinctive sounds made by turtles give us
  unique insights into their behavior, although we
  don't know what the sounds mean," said Dr. Camila
  Ferrara, Aquatic Turtle Specialist for the WCS
  Brazil Program. "The social behaviors of these
  reptiles are much more complex than previously
  thought.
• http//www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-08/wcs
  -ss081414.php

Giant South American river turtle. The turtle is
the largest member of the side-necked turtle
family and grows up to nearly three feet in
length.
32
EXIT TICKET

• Which domain has prokaryotic organisms?
• Which domain has eukaryotic organisms?