Winning the War 1917

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Winning the War 1917
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Total War

• Society
• Cracking under the strain of war
• No longer praising deeds of the few
• Total War
• Nations realize society must be committed
• Conscription The Draft
• Propaganda
• Spreading of ideas to promote or damage
• Must control public opinion

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Collapsing Morale

• Problems
• Death toll, food shortages, military failures
• Revolution in Russia 1917
• Signed Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 1918
• Ended Russian participation in war
• Impact of Russian Withdrawal
• Benefit Central Powers
• Concentrate on Western Front

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Woodrow Wilson
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United States

• Submarine Warfare Lusitania (British Liner with
  128 Americans) 1915
• Resolution U-boats surface to show attacks
• Zimmerman Note
• Germany asks for Mexicos support
• Retake lands in Texas, Arizona
• Declaring War April 1917
• Time needed to recruit, train, and supply
• Woodrow Wilsons Fourteen Points

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Campaign to Victory

• Final Showdown 1918
• Germans launch final push
• Exhausts Germany
• German Uprisings
• Frustrations for German people
• William II flees to the Netherlands
• New German Government
• Sought an Armistice
• November 11, 1918 at 1100 AM

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Making Peace
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Cost of War

• Human and Material Costs
• 8.5 Million lives lost
• Pandemic of Influenza
• Financial Burdens
• Must rebuild and pay off debt
• Allies want Central Powers to pay
• Political Turmoil
• Governments collapse
• Radicals want new governments

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Versailles
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Big Four
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Paris Peace Conference

• Big Four
• US President Woodrow Wilson
• British Prime Minister David Lloyd George
• French Georges Clemenceau
• Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Orlando
• Issues
• Payments for war damage
• Land agreements
• League of Nations

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Woodrow Wilson
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David George
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Georges Clemenceau
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Treaty of Versailles

• June 28, 1919
• Peacemakers summon German leaders
• Ordered to sign treaty
• German Assumptions Full Blame
• 30 Billion 400 Billion Today!
• Give up land
• German Feelings
• Resent treaty
• Armistice was a cease fire, not surrender

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Dissatisfaction

• Mandate System
• Western powers help modernize colonies
• Became European colonies
• Unfulfilled Goals
• Germany, Italy, Russia, Japan
• Unhappy with treaty
• Hope for Global Peace
• League of Nations established Collective
  Security
• Political/social turmoil would shape future world

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