Chapter 11 Section 1 Notes World War I Begins

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Chapter 11 Section 1 NotesWorld War I Begins
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SQ 1 4 Long Term Causes (MAIN) and 1 Event that
Sparks the War

• Fill out Graphic Organizer Completely
• Work with your table partner to make sure its
  completed and labelled properly
• Think about which cause was most responsible for
  starting the war while youre doing this!

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SQ 1A. Militarism (ID2)

• Building up armed forces (more people, equipment)
• SQ3 Best Army in Europe pre WWI Germany
• SQ3 Best Navy in Europe pre WWI England
• SQ3 Countries SPENT A LOT OF TO DO IT (NEXT
  SLIDE)
• Germany Navy was catching up
• Wilhelm II (emperor of Germany)
• Wanted to show strength

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SQ 1B. Alliance System

• Defense agreements between different countries
• war with 1 country meant war with all
• ID3 The Triple Entente (Allies)
• France, Russia, Great Britain
• ID4 The Triple Alliance (Central Powers)
• Germany, Austria Hungary, Italy (in beginning),
  Ottoman Empire (later)

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SQ 1C. Imperialism

• extension of a nation's territory beyond its
  borders through the establishment of colonies.
• Why? Land, resources, trade, etc (we did this
  already)
• SQ2 Areas in Africa, Asia, Middle East, Islands
  in Atlantic and Pacific were targets for European
  powers
• Least Successful European Power GERMANY

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SQ 1D. Nationalism (ID1)

• Extreme Pride in ones country.
• We Are Superior
• ethnicity, religion, culture, history, etc
• Multiple countries in Europe felt this way
• Examples in Newspapers (cartoons articles),
  Songs, Books, Schools, etc

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Assassination

• the event that triggers the start of the war
• SQ4 Archduke Franz Ferdinand and wife killed
• Heir to the throne in Austria Hungary

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ID5 Gavrilo Princip
The Assasin
Part of group in Serbia that wanted land
controlled by Austria-Hungary for its own people
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• Austria Hungary declares war on Serbia (They
  want revenge)
• Russia (which had an alliance with Serbia)
  declares war on Austria-Hungary
• SQ4 Things spiral out of control (countries
  honor alliances)
• All countries dont want to look like wimps (see
  cartoon)

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• BIGGEST CAUSE OF WWI?
• Militaries Big, Well Trained and Equipped
• Alliances countries have each others backs
• Imperialism Germany wants more land
• Nationalism all countries think theyre the
  best
• and theyre ready to show
  it.

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What is the biggest cause of WWI?

• DO NOT USE I, ME, YOU, ETC
• Need a full paragraph (7 to 10 sentences)
• State a claim (1 simple sentence).
• The biggest cause of WWI is _______________.
• Provide reasoning and evidence to back up your
  claim (3 sentences minimum)
• Provide counterargument and state why its wrong
  (2 sentences minimum)
• Some people may say ________________ is the
  biggest cause of WWI. They are wrong because
• Restate claim, include reasoning (1 sentence).

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SQ5 WWI officially begins August 3rd, 1914.

• Germany is the aggressor
• Goal colonize parts of Europe (using its
  superior army)
• They tried elsewhere (globally) and failed
• SQ6 Germanys strategy Schlieffen Plan
• Step 1 Hold off Russia
• Step 2 Quickly Defeat Belgium and France
• Step 3 Focus attention on Russia

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SQ6 Why the Schlieffen Plan didnt work

• France was tougher to defeat than Germany thought
• Germany didnt count on Britain and U.S. getting
  involved

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SQ7 Trench Warfare

• 4 Types of Trenches
• Front Line
• sees most action
• Support
• provides backup
• Reserve
• for injured, sleep
• high rank officers
• Communication
• connects all a c
• links wire
• allows travel
• War mostly defensive
• Under this system
• Not much movement
• Gross Conditions!

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Why the British got Involved

• England had an alliance with Belgium
• honored their agreement
• England was afraid it would lose its status as
  THE GLOBAL SUPERPOWER if it didnt get involved
• Germany would have access to lots of natural
  resources if they defeated France and Russia

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What about the U.S.?

• SQ8 Neutral at 1st. Why?
• None of our business (European war)
• U.S. is melting pot has citizens with ties to
  both sides
• War is wrong (Pacifists)
• Why should our sons die over this?
• Different than Spanish American War
• Much bigger threat since Cuba is close to U.S.

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• SQ9 Most of U.S. Sides with Allies
• Why?
• More U.S. citizens have common ethnic background
  with Allies.
• Negative Media coverage of Germany
• attacking civilian homes, hospitals, churches,
  etc
• Much more business with Allies
• even more true after war started
• U.S. businesses couldnt supply stuff fast enough
  
• made millions of s

Inside a bomb factory
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SQ10 U.S. Gov prepares for possible war.

• Why?
• A. Make sure they get paid back debts from
  Allies
• B. To protect U.S. ships from being sunk

War debt still not all paid off!
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Naval Battles between England and Germany

• SQ11 England attempts to blockade Germany
• not allow supplies to reach the country by sea
• 750,000 Germans starve to death during the war

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SQ12 Germany develops the U boat (a sub)

• Had some success breaking blockades by sinking
  Allied ships
• U.S. Media covers this big time! Sways public
  opinion

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U.S. Govt. 1st pressured to act

• 1915, Germany sunk the Lusitania (ID6)
• It was a passenger ship (like the Titanic)
• 1200 people died including over 100 U.S.
• 1916, Germany fired on the Sussex (ID7)
• another passenger ship, injured several from U.S.
• Wilson demands that Germany not fire on
• any more passenger ships
• Germany agrees (the Sussex Pledge)
• The U.S. stays neutral (temporarily)

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SQ13 1916 Election

• Democrats Woodrow Wilson (incumbent)
• Republicans Charles Evans Hughes (Head of Sup.
  Court)
• Wilson wins in close election (main reason
  kept us out of war so far)

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Wilsons goal after reelection

• act as peacemaker in Europe
• called for a peace without victory
• nobody wins, nobody loses
• both sides leave the war as equals or there
  would be problems later (this didnt happen and
  he was right!)

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SQ14 How did U.S. finally get involved?3 steps

• 1. Germany began using U boats to sink all Allied
  and U.S. ships
• violated Sussex Pledge (WHY?)
• To allow supplies to get to Germany
• To prevent supplies from arriving to the Allies
• Germany knew this would anger the U.S.
• figured they could end the war before the U.S.
  got involved.
• Wilson allowed non-military ships to arm and
  defend themselves

Camouflage paint job and guns mounted on left
side of supply ship
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• 2. The Zimmerman Note
• Plans for Mexico to form an alliance with Germany
• Wanted Mexico to declare war on U.S. and cause
  problems along border.
• Would force U.S. military to stay home
• If Mexico helped Germany and they won the war
• Mexico would get Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico
• The American public
• wanted war for the 1st time

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• 3. Russia out of the war
• A Communist Revolution overthrew the czar
• People fed up with war, poor conditions
• New leadership (Bolsheviks) signed a peace treaty
• Russia gave up a lot of land (Ukraine)
• U.S. Govt. felt it should enter the war now
  because
• 1. We didnt like Russia (didnt want to be
  allies with them)
• 2. Without help, Europe would become controlled
  by Germany

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U.S. Declares War

• Wilson officially declares it April 6th, 1917.
• Almost 3 years after it started
• Congress overwhelming approved
• stated goal (according to Wilson) is to make the
  world safe for democracy