BEF

1
????? ????? ????

• ???????
• 21/11/08
• ???? ????

2
???? ???? ????

• ??????
• BEF
• EHD
• BTV
• AKABANE (SIMBO)
• RVF
• Vesicular Stomatitis (VSV)

3
?????

• ????? ( ?? ?????????) ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??
  ??? ????? ?????? ?????????
• 1. ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? (????? ??) ???
  ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? (????? ????????).
  
• 2. ????? ????? RNA (????? (ASF -DNA.
• 3. ?????? ???????? ??????.
• 4. ????? 17-215 nm(????).
• 5. ??? 600 ??????.

4
????? ????????
5
????? ????????
6
????? ????????
7
????? ??????
8
(No Transcript)
9
?????? ??????
10
?????????

• ????? ????? ???????

phylum
????? ?????? Insecta
????? ?????????? Arachnida
Chilopoda ?????
Diplopoda ??-??????
class
????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????
?? ????? ???
?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????
11
Pool or Vessels feeder

• Vessel feeder ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????,
  ???? ??????? ?????? ??????.
• Pool feeder ?????? ??? ?? ??????, ????? ?????
  ?? ???? ?????? ???????.
  ???????, ???? ??????, ??????.

12
????? ????? ????? ?"? ?????

• ????? ?
• ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???
• ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????
• ???? ????????
• ??? ??????? ?"? ????????
• ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????
• ??????? ??????

13
????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ???????

• ???'
• ????? ?????
• virogenesis
• ????? ?????? ????.
• ?????? ??????? ?????
• ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ? 15ºc

14
??? ?????? ????? ??????
Mullens et al. Veterinaria Italiana, 2004
15
????? ?????? ?? ???????

• Israel peak at end of the summer rare in the
  coldest time of the year.

????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????'
(Braverman Y, Galun R. 1973. The occurrence of
Culicoides in Israel with reference to the
incidence of bluetongue. Ref. Vet. 3012127)
C.imicola
16
?????? ?????????

• ????? ????.
• ????? ????? ?????.
• ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? m/s 2-3.
• ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ? 10ºc ?? ??? 32º
  c (???? ???????).
• ????? ????? ???? ?????.
• ?????? ?????? ???.

17
??????? ????? ?????

• ????? ????
• ???? 0.5-2 ?"?.
• ?????? 10-40 ??"?.
• ???????? 12º - 35º c.
• ????? ???? ??????
• ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ? 700 ?"?

18
?????? ???????

• ????? ?????????? ??????.
• ???? ????? ???? ??????.
• ???? ???? ?????.
• ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? (? 2 ?????? ?? ? 3)
  ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????.

19
?????? ????
20
EHDV

• ?????
• ?????? ????
• ???????????? 2006
• ???????
• ????

21
?????????

• Orbivirus. Family Reoviridea
• ???? ?? ???? ?- BT
• 10 ??????? ?? DS-RNA
• 10 ????
• ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????(??"? ??) ????? ??????
• ????"? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????
  ???????.

22
?????? ???????
23
?????????????
????? ??
?????? ??????? ????? (???? ???????? ??????????)
?????? ????? ????????'?? ????? ????? ???????
?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????
????? ????
??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????- ?????? ??????
????? ?????? ?????????????
??? ?????? ?????
?????, ???????, ????? ??????? DIC
24
?????? ?????????
25
????? ?????? ????? ? EHDV ?? BTV ?? ?? ?????
????????
BTV
EHDV
26
???
27
Geographical trend of EHDV seropositivity
28
Unexpected death or emergency slaughters
29
???? ??????? ?
30
Culicoides in Israel

• 58 culicoides species were recorded in Israel
  (Braverman et al 1996).

C. imicola
schultzei GROUP (Kingi)
C. obsoletus
C. puncticollis
C. pulicaris
C.PULICARIS
31
???? ?????

• ????? ?????? ???? ???.
• ???? ?????? ??????
• ????? ?? ???????
• ??? ???
• ???????
• ????? ??? ????
• ????....

32
Phlebotomus
33
???? ??"? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????
??????

• ????? ?????
• ???? ???????????

34
?????? ???? ???????

• ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????
  ???-???, ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????
  ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????
  ????.
• ????? ????? ????? ????? (?? ??????).
• ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? (???? ?????, ???
  ?????...)

35
Lumpy skin disease
36
Aspects of an outbreak
intervention
X
Insecticides
X
Culling
Vaccine
Spatial analysis
Parasite
Ways of entrance
Climate changes
Temperature
Vegetation
Habitat
....
Environment
Host
37
Does insecticides Reduce the number of insects?
intervention
X
Insecticides
Vaccine
X
Culling
38
Abundance of Stomoxys calcitrans in Israel in the
time of the outbreak in Ein-zurim, 2006
0-1
2-5
6-65
66-200
201-300
39
What is the effectiveness of the vaccine?
intervention
X
Insecticides
Vaccine
X
Culling
40
Vaccine effectiveness
affected Number of animals affected Vaccination around outbreak onset Time between last vaccination to outbreak Settlement
31 207 NA Ein Zurim
8 43 6 m Alumim
50 98 2.5 m Or-Haner (Beef)
5.2 26 a week before 8 m Or-Haner (Dairy)
12.2 33 3 weeks before 3 m Havat Hashikmim
45.3 101 - 1.5 m Erez (Beef)
14.2 39 - 2 m Erez (Dairy)
0.5 2 3 m Dorot
41
Efficiency of intervention
X
Culling
x
culled
5-17 cows
1-2 cows
Days from outbreak onset
42
Can the fly carry the virus after feeding on
lesions?

• Cage experiment feeding on sick cow.
• 5 flies out of 60 were positive.
• 120 flies from the field Negative.
• Pirbright lower band
• Degradation of the virus?

A-1
A-2
A-3
A-4
A-5
5H
Marker
N.C.
P.C.
N.C-A
N.C-H
water
Lump
43
Vector competence
Stomoxys calcitrans

• Feeding mosquitoes and flies on blood which
  contain different dilutions of virus.
• Checking for presence of virus in periods of
  time.

Cullex pipiens
N.C Culex pipiens
N.C water
P.C Virus
10 min
1 hour
Marker
Marker
2 hours
4 hours
8 hours
44
?????

• ????? ?????
• ????? ???????.
• ?????????/??????????? Pour-on- ?????.
• ??????, ????? ????? ?????.
• ??????????? ???????????.
• ?????? ?????(DEET, Parathyroid T) - ??????
  ????? ???? (4-8?')

45
????? ??? ?????
46
???? ?? ??????