Step Up To: Psychology Chapter 9 Memory.

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Step Up To PsychologyChapter 9 Memory.

• Psychology, Eighth Edition
• By David G. Myers

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1. Making sense of information as meaningful
occurs in the process of ___ so that we may store
it in memory.

• A) construction
• B) flashbulb
• C) encoding
• D) sensory memory

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2. Being able to remember major events clearly
because of their emotional impact is called

• A) flashbulb memory.
• B) sensory memory.
• C) photographic memory.
• D) traumatic memory.

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3. In the three-stage processing model of
memory, the stages, in order of occurrence are

• A) flashbulb, working, long-term.
• B) sensory, short-term, long-term.
• C) working, short-term, long-term.
• D) visual, short-term, long-term.

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4. When you solve a math problem in your head,
you have to hold the information there while you
calculate. This calls into play ___ memory.

• A) rehearsal
• B) working
• C) conscious
• D) arithmetic

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In Baddeleys model of working memory, the
central executive function directs focus, with
increased activation of the ___ of the brain.

• A) frontal lobes
• B) parietal lobes
• C) amygdala
• D) occipital lobes

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6. When studying information, like concepts in
your textbook, you must work at it and pay
attention. This is called ___ processing.

• A) meaningful
• B) deliberate
• C) effortful
• D) redundant

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7. Your friend says, I wait to study all the
material the night before the test, so it is
fresh in my mind. You tell him from what you
have learned

• A) that you agree this is the best way to prepare
  for a test.
• B) he should rehearse the material as many times
  as he can the night before the test.
• C) he should audio tape the material and replay
  it in his sleep.
• D) that he should spread his studying across many
  days.

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8. The serial position effect describes our
tendency to

• A) remember what we had for breakfast.
• B) remember things when they are in numerical
  order.
• C) remember the first and last items of a list
  more successfully.
• D) remember the first items of the list more
  often than the last ones.

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9. The self-reference effect refers to the
increased remembering of information when

• A) someone told the person directly.
• B) the person saw the even first-hand.
• C) that information holds personal meaning.
• D) the person has been directly accused of
  something.

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10. Using a method such as, one is a bun, two
is a shoe, etc. to help you remember is a ____
device called a ____ system.

• A) mnemonic peg-word
• B) semantic chunking
• C) working memory spacing effect
• D) priming semantic encoding

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11. Brief, visual sensory memory is like a
snapshot, and only lasts for less than a second
is called

• A) echoic memory.
• B) iconic memory.
• C) short-term memory.
• D) immediate memory.

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12. Our immediate, short-term memory for new
material is limited in capacity to roughly ___
bits of information.

• A) 3 plus or minus 1
• B) 12 plus or minus 3
• C) 20 plus or minus 4
• D) 7 plus or minus 2

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13. When we remember how to do something, but
cannot consciously explain it or even recall the
information when asked, ___ is involved.

• A) episodic memory
• B) explicit memory
• C) implicit memory
• D) semantic memory

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14. The ____ of the brain plays a major role in
the formation of new, explicit memories.

• A) hippocampus
• B) hypothalamus
• C) amygdala
• D) frontal lobes

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15. Changes in our nervous system which enhance
our memory storage is known as

• A) dendrite growth.
• B) next-in-line effect.
• C) long-term potentiation.
• D) automatic processing.

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16. Essay tests measure ___ and multiple choice
tests measure ___.

• A) long-term memory short-term memory
• B) recall recognition
• C) retrieval clustering
• D) semantic memory visual memory

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17. Asked quickly to spell shop and then
asked, What do you do when you get to a green
light?, most people answer, stop. This is an
example of

• A) working retrieval.
• B) chunking.
• C) priming.
• D) tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon.

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18. The tendency to recall more sad events when a
person is currently sad is an example of ___
memory.

• A) flashbulb
• B) iconic
• C) melancholic
• D) mood-congruent

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19. When Jason learned the material, he was
drunk. He could not recall it when sober, but
could again remember some of it the next time he
drank. This is an example of

• A) long-term potentiation of neurons.
• B) the spacing effect.
• C) flashbulb memory.
• D) state-dependent memory.

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20. The best way to find information stored in
memory is to use

• A) iconic memory.
• B) retrieval cues.
• C) auditory processing.
• D) explicit memory.

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21. The three sins of forgetting are

• A) absent-mindedness, transience and blocking.
• B) short attention, confusion, tip-of-the tongue.
• C) state-dependent, false memories, amnesia.
• D) misinformation, interference, recall failure.

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22. Jamie remembered something from a dream that
she believed really happened. This is an example
of the sin of

• A) somnambulism.
• B) misattribution.
• C) REM rebound.
• D) encoding.

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23. Not being able to remember all the details of
a common penny is an example of ___ failure.

• A) state-dependent
• B) recall
• C) encoding
• D) misinformation

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24 When learning something new makes recall of
previously learned information more difficult,
this is called

• A) proactive interference.
• B) the misinformation effect.
• C) retroactive interference.
• D) persistence.

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25. Inspector Bradigan wants to call in a
hypnotist to help the victim of abuse better
recall repressed memories. You inform the
inspector that

• A) he should only use a highly trained hypnotist.
• B) recovered memories under hypnosis are
  unreliable.
• C) the victim may be too emotional to remember.
• D) he should also use a truth serum.

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Answers
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. C
9. C
10. A
11. B
12. D
13. C
14. A
15. C
16. B
17. C
18. D
19. D
20. B
21. A
22. B
23. C
24. C
25. B