Chapter 17 pt. 1: Psychoanalysis, Humanistic, and Behaviorism Therapies - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Chapter 17 pt. 1: Psychoanalysis, Humanistic, and Behaviorism Therapies

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Title: Chapter 17 pt. 1: Psychoanalysis, Humanistic, and Behaviorism Therapies


1
Chapter 17 pt. 1 Psychoanalysis, Humanistic,
and Behaviorism Therapies
2
  • Imagine a good friend of yours has approached you
    about a problem he or she has developed recently.
    The friend describes several symptoms, including
    increased feelings of depression, crying spells,
    loss of interest in activities, and changes in
    eating and sleeping patterns. You have asked
    enough questions to assume person is clinically
    depressed. Assume the role of therapist and
    develop some possible interventions. Come up
    with 3 possible ideas to help your friend.

3
2 Major Types of Therapy
  • 1. Psychological Therapies employ interaction
    (usually verbal) between trained professional and
    a client with a problem
  • 2. Biomedical therapies directed at a
    patients nervous system.

VS.
4
Psychotherapy Differs Depending on the
Perspective of Therapist
  • Psychotherapy emotionally charged, confiding
    interaction between a trained therapist and
    someone who suffers from psychological
    difficulties.
  • There are different types based on personality
    theories we discussed
  • 1. Psychoanalytic
  • 2. Humanistic
  • 3. Behavioral
  • 4. Cognitive

5
Eclectic Approach Takes a Smorgasbord Approach
  • Eclectic Approach uses a variety of different
    techniques from various theories of therapy
    depending on the problem of the individual.
  • More than half of therapists take this approach.

6
Psychotherapy One Psychoanalysis
  • Psychoanalysiss main assumption?
  • Goal of psychoanalysis?

7
How do Psychoanalysts Unmask Your Repressed
Anxiety?
  • 1. While doing free association there will be
    blocks in your flow. Analysts interpret these
    blocks as Resistance.
  • Resistance the blocking from consciousness of
    anxiety-laden material.
  • Based on your resistance the analysts will try
    to provide accurate interpretations noting
    supposed meaning behind blocks in flow to provide
    patient with insight (reason behind your
    problems).
  • 2. Psychoanalysts also interpret dreams latent
    content.

8
How do Psychoanalysts Unmask Your Repressed
Anxiety?
  • 3. Interpreting Transference
  • After revealing extremely personal things about
    themselves to therapists, patients often start to
    feel positive or negative feelings towards their
    analyst.
  • Freud argued that the feelings you feel towards a
    therapist represented transference patients
    transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with
    other relationships (such as love or hatred for a
    parent).

9
Criticism of Psychoanalytic Therapy
  • 1. Built on assumption that repressed memories
    exist.
  • 2. Interpretations cant be proven right or
    wrong.
  • 3. Is very time-consuming and costlyusually
    takes several years to achieve insight.

10
Interpersonal Psychotherapy as an Alternative To
Psychoanalysis
  • Interpersonal Psychotherapy occurs in much
    shorter session and also aims to to help patients
    gain insight into the roots of their
    difficulties.
  • However instead of focusing on past, this
    approach focuses on current relationships and how
    to deal with problems.looking for symptom relief
    instead of personality change.

11
Psychotherapy Two Humanistic Approach
  • Humanistic perspective hopes to boost
    self-fulfillment by helping people grow in
    self-awareness and self acceptance.
  • Main Focuses
  • 1. The present and future
  • 2. Conscious Rather than Unconscious Thoughts
  • 3. Individual Responsibility for feelings
  • 4. Promote growth instead of cures.

12
Carl Rogers Client or Person Centered Therapy
  • Most widely used humanistic technique is client
    (person) centered therapy technique which
    involves active listening witihin a genuine,
    accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate
    clients growth.
  • Active listening technique in which therapist
    is non-directive towards client and empathizes
    with them by echoing, restating, and clarifying
    their feelings.

13
Client Centered Therapy Promotes Self-Awareness
  • When given unconditional positive regard clients
    start to accept themselves including their faults
    and feel more valued and whole.

14
Psychotherapy Three Behavior Therapies Focus on
Learning
  • Unlike previous 2 psychotherapies, behavior
    therapies are not interested in the underlying
    cause of the problem or in achieving
    self-awareness.
  • Behavior Therapies assume the problems are the
    behaviors themselves and look to use
    well-established learning principles to eliminate
    the unwanted behavior.

15
Classical Conditioning Techniques
  • Argue that learned responses like phobias can be
    unlearned through counterconditioning.
  • Counterconditioning behavior therapy that
    conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger
    your unwanted behaviors.
  • Ex pair fear of heights with relaxing stimuli.

16
Two Types of Counterconditioning
  • 1. Systematic Desensitization exposure
    technique used to commonly treat phobias.
    Associates a pleasant relaxed state with
    gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli
    until anxiety towards stimuli is eliminated.
  • Goal is to extinguish previously learned
    response.
  • Key to enacting procedure is move gradually.
  • Also called Graduated Exposure Theory

17
How Could you Use Systematic Desensitization to
Help people Overcome their Intense Fear of Old
People?

18
Systematic Desensitization
19
More Aggressive Exposure Therapy
  • Flooding involves immediately exposing client
    to a stimulus that causes undesirable response to
    show that stimulus isnt dangerous.
  • Flooding can lead to extinction of fear.

20
Less Aggressive Exposure Therapy (Not in Book)
  • Implosion patient imagines stimulus rather than
    being exposed to actual negative stimulushopes
    to reduce anxiety.
  • Usually used as first step in systematic
    desensitization.

21
Using Virtual Reality For Exposure Therapy

22
Two Types of Counterconditioning
  • 2. Aversive Conditioning is the opposite of
    systematic desensitization. Looks to reverse a
    negative behavior by associating an unpleasant
    state with an unwanted behavior.

23
Aversive Therapy for Alcoholics
Although initially successful why doesnt
aversive therapy usually stop people from
permanently drinking?
24
Operant Conditioning Therapy
  • What is Operant Conditioning?
  • Token Economy procedure that rewards desired
    behavior. Patient exchanges a token of some
    sort, earned for good behavior, for various
    privileges or treats.

25
Observational Learnings Impact on Therapy
  • Banduras theories on modeling were extended to
    therapy when it was shown that Clients learn
    through observation of appropriate behavior (and
    Rewards) and will be encouraged to imitate the
    behavior.

26
Criticism of Behavior Therapy?
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