The Civil war

1
The Civil war

• Chapter 6

2
THE us falls apart

• In March of 1861, 7 states had seceded and these
  rebel states formed the Confederate States of
  America.
• The Confederacy chose Jefferson Davis as the
  president and raised a volunteer army.

3
The us falls apart

• War broke out at Fort Sumter which was located in
  SC but was still controlled by the US army.
• Jefferson Davis tried to make the army surrender
  but they refused.
• The Confederacy opened fire and the Union had to
  surrender two days later.
• Lincoln told the Union states to let the
  government be in control of their militias.

4
NC Secedes

• NC governor, John Ellis, was angry at Lincolns
  request to the militias? He seized federal forts,
  arsenals the mint so the federal government
  wouldnt get access.
• Plantation owners wanted to officially secede?
  Others did not want to leave but were scared to
  have a war where they were not united with the
  rest of the South.
• NC unanimously seceded on May 20, 1861.

5
The Battle of Manassas

• Northern Virginia was the first, large
  battlefront
• At this battle, the Union was confident they
  would win met the South at the railroad
  crossing.
• Confederate leader, Thomas Jackson, led such a
  strong defense that he earned the nickname,
  Stonewall Jackson. ? The Union had to retreat
  to Washington DC.
• 60,000 soldiers fought, 5,000 died.

6
The Anaconda Plan

• War came to the NC coast a month after the Battle
  of Manassas
• The Union created a plan to fight battles all
  around the coast known as the Anaconda Plan.
• The Union chose this plan because blocking the
  coast would hurt the Souths economy ability to
  get supplies.
• The Union planned to set up a naval blockade
  also capture the trading cities.

7
The Anaconda Plan

• The Union hit the Outer Banks in August of 1861
  captured Roanoke, New Bern, Beaufort Plymouth
  over the next few months.
• Free African Americans often lived in the coastal
  cities and were happy to help the Union soldiers.
  
• The captured cities became havens for the African
  Americans where they lived with their families
  set up churches schools.

8
North vs. South

• The Union had more men, money, factories,
  railroads and supplies.
• The Confederacy had strong generals and family
  involvement.
• The Union also had better strategies despite
  inexperienced soldiers-- a stronger central
  government.
• The Confederacy knew the land better but also
  spent more time growing cash crops rather than
  supplies.

9
War on Water

• Fort Fisher, south of Wilmington, was NCs most
  important fort? it was a mile long along the
  coast made of mounded earth and sand
• The fort protected Wilmington allowed goods to
  be shipped in out
• Blockade runners carried cotton to British ports
  brought back essentials (like food water)
  luxuries (like wine perfume)
• The ships had to sail at night had to hug the
  coast to avoid being seen
• The four types of warships in NC were ironclads,
  cooners, mosquito gunboats submarines

10
Emancipation http//www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/
?id50138069n

• The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by
  Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863? it said all
  slaves in the Confederacy were free that
  African Americans were officially allowed to
  become Union soldiers.
• The Proclamation did NOT free the slaves in the
  border states of Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky or
  Missouri
• The Southern states ignored the Emancipation
  Proclamation

11
The War in NC

• New Bern became a training center for black
  soldiers the women there created a relief
  organization to help the troops.
• Overall, 200,000 African Americans fought with
  the Union by the end of the war.
• A conscription was started in the Spring of 1862
  in the Confederacy? Healthy men between 18 35
  had to serve 3 years in the army farmers had to
  give up their harvest to the troops
• The conscription hurt the small-scale farmers
  left them with many food shortages.
• The wealthy were not hurt as much many
  professionals could avoid having to fight or pay
  someone to do it.

12
The War in NC

• North Carolinians were mostly stationed in
  northern Virginia.
• NC got its Tar Heels nickname during the Civil
  War? some said the name was meant to be a
  compliment but some said it was an insult.
• NC got a new governor, Zebulon Vance, in 1862? he
  had been against secession was elected by
  people who were also against secession.
• NC had sent more troops to the Confederacy than
  any other state thought they had little say in
  the government or military.
• Vance tried to improve conditions called for
  the Confederates to work harder at taking back
  coastal towns.

13
The Women and the War

• Women who lived on farms suffered the most? with
  the men away, the women had to do the hard labor
• Women also had to find substitutes during the
  food shortages? As an example, flour went from
  costing 18 to 120? Women also complained that
  grain was used to make alcohol rather than food.
• Life was easier for the women who lived in towns
  cities? many of these women still got jobs as
  cooking or making uniforms.
• Women began to become teachers nurses at this
  time

14
Unhappy Soldiers

• Many Civil War soldiers deserted the
  militaryespecially NC men who did not like how
  the state was treated
• A big source of unhappiness was the tax-in-kind
• Quaker countiessuch as Forsyth
  Guilfordcreated the Heroes of America and help
  soldiers leave the war or hide from the draft
• Deserters were punished severely

15
Unhappy Soldiers

• Many deserters went to the mountains of NC?
  especially Confederates but there were some Union
  men
• Mountain residents were upset because the
  soldiers often raided their towns for supplies
  and food
• William Thomas convinced the military to allow
  Cherokee soldiers
• Malinda Balock was an NC woman who joined her
  husband in battle

16
The Battle of Gettysburg

• Robert E. Lee led his men to the Union in
  Pennsylvania for the Battle of Gettysburg in July
  of 1863
• This was the bloodiest battle in US history?
  28,000 Confederates died, 23,000 Union 4,000 NC
  men after 3 days
• This made Lincoln give the Gettysburg Address
• The next day, Ulysses Grant capture the last
  Confederate port in Vicksburg, Mississippi? this
  made the South fear defeat

17
Shermans March

• Union General, William Sherman marched into NC in
  February of 1865
• Jefferson Davis sneaked through Greensboro to
  escape
• Sherman believed in total war which meant
  destroy military targets civilian towns? his
  biggest attack was on Atlanta

18
The War Ends

• The last battle of the Civil War was the Battle
  of Bentonville in NC-? It was a disaster for the
  Confederacy who had 20,000 men when the Union had
  60,000.
• Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses Grant at
  Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia.
• General Johnson also surrendered to Sherman
  outside of Durham.
• Lincoln was assassinated 5 days after Lee
  surrendered

19
Death Toll

• 20,000 NC soldiers died in battle
• 20,000 NC soldiers died of disease
• NC had the most deaths out of any Confederate
  state
• 260,000 Confederate soldiers died
• 360,000 Union soldiers died