??????????????: 3 X 105 erg s-1 cm-2

1
????????

• ????? ?? ?

2
??????????????

• ???????????????????(??????)???????????
• ????
• ?????????????? 3 X 105 erg s-1 cm-2
• ???????????????? 107 erg s-1 cm-2
• ?????????????????????(??L)???????????????????????
  ? (energy balance model)eH 4 X 10-3 (Tmax/106
  K)7/2 (L/109 cm)-2 erg s-1 cm-3
• ??????? Tmax(p L)1/3 Tmax ???????? p
  ??????(??)

3
???? ??????????
4
??????? AC?? ? DC??

• ?????????????? tA L / VA
• ????????? tdriver
• tdriver gt tA ???????? (DC)???????
• tdriver lt tA ?? (AC)
• VA500-1000km/s, tA 1-5 min

5
????????
6
??????

• ???????????????(???????????????????)
• Alfvén????????????????????????
• ???
• ????????????????
• Alfvén???????????
• ?????????
• ??????????(?????) 15-30 km/s.?v2VA 106 erg
  cm-2 s-1 (109 cm-3, 30 km/s, 1000km/s)

7
??????????J.T.Mariska, The Solar Transition
Region, p.118

• ???????????????????

??
8
?????????????? (Hara Ichimoto 1999)

• ??? 14-20 km/s (red line, 1MK)
• ?????(Alfvén??) 3-5 km/s

9
Hara and Ichimoto, ApJ 513, 969, 1999
10
?????????????????Fe X (6374Å, red line)Fe XI
(7892Å)Fe XIII (10747Å)Fe XIV (5303Å, green
line)
11
C.Jordan, MNRAS 142, 501, 1969
Fe X
Fe XIV

• Fe X 1.0MK
• Fe XIII 1.6MK

• Fe XI 1.3MK
• Fe XIV 2.1MK

12
??? Fe X 1MK??????? Fe XIV 2MK???????
red line Fe X
green line Fe XIV
13
Fe X
d(width)/dh
Fe XI
Fe XIII
Fe XIV
14
???????????????????????2???????
T1, V1, n1, L1
T2, V2, n2, L2
V width (thermalturbulent) L path length
coronal loop
15
??T1, T2?????
represents minimum total path length
16
????????????????????
17
2????????
B loops C diffuse plasmas D diffuse plasmas
18
loops diffuse plasmas
Fe X line width Fe XIV line width
2????????????????????????
19
???????????20?km???????
Fe X 1MK Fe XIV 2MK
20
?????????????

• ???????????????????????????????????????????????
• ?????
• ???????
• viscosity, resistivity???????
• ???????????
• EUV???????slow mode
• EUV??????????Alfven kink mode

21
Dopper??????????????

• ???????????
• ?? 10-15 min?Alfvén???????
• ???? 100 min (Hori et al. in preparation)

22
decay time ? vs oscillation period P
? P4/3 phase mixing damping? (Ofman
Aschwanden 2002)
? P
???????????????????????????
23
?????????????????
24
?????????Parker???Parker???

• ?? (???????)
• 2???????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????
• ??????????
• (??????????)???????????
• ?????????????????
• ????????????????
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????

25
Parker ApJ 174, 499, 1972

• ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????

26
Parker Solar Phys. 121, 271, 1989
????????????????
27
?????????? (Mikic, Schnack, and van Hoven ApJ
338, 1148, 1989)
28
??????? ????????
29
??????

• ????????
• ??????????????
• ?gt2??????????????????????
• ?lt2????????????????????????????
• ??????1.5
• ????????gt2??????

30
????????Dennis Solar Phys. 100, 465, 1985
? 1.8
31
??????????????1.5???????2?
Shimizu, PASJ 47, 251-263, 1995
32
N(E)
???????????
??????????????? slope gt 2 ?
???? slope 1.5
????????????
E
1026 erg
1032 erg
33
???????????? ?Aschwanden, Solar Phys. 190, 223,
1999
?????????????????????????
34
Sturrock ApJ 521, 451, 1999
????????????????????
35

• Poynting Flux F
• vh0.3 km/s (observed)fBh/Bn O(1)
• active region
• Bn100 G, F2X107 f erg cm-2 s-1
• quiet region
• Bn10 G, F2X105 f erg cm-2 s-1

36
(????)??????????
37
Quiet Sun Magnetic Fields(Magnetic Carpets)

• ephemeral region???????10-40h??????
• ?????0.2??????????
• ?????????????
• ??????current sheet???????????reconnection???
• 95?????????5???????????????????????

38
Priest et al. ApJ 576, 533, 2002
39
current sheet????? ?? ??? ???
40
Schrijver 2001
41
1D ?????????? nanoflare?????????????????

• adaptive mesh, down to 15 km
• optically-thin radiation
• Reale et al. (2005)
• Patsourakos and Klimchuk (2005)

42
3D ????????

• Gudiksen and Nordlund (2005)1503, 50X60X37 Mm,
  non-uniform in z (0.15-0.25Mm)
• transition region not fully resolved
• optically-thin radiation in upper layers
• Newtons coolinglaw for lower layers
• realistic resistivity and viscosity
• model granulation as a driver

43
????????MDI???
44
(No Transcript)
45
????????????????
46
??????????????

• uniform Priest et al. (1998)
• footpoints Aschwanden (2001)
• Yohkoh SXT???????????????????????loop
  top????????uniform heating???????????????????Aschw
  anden???
• ?????loop top?????????

47
?????????

• ???????????
• Lx ?, Fx B (Fisher et al. 1998YashiroShibata
  2001)
• Fx vs nonpotentiality at footpoints (Falconer et
  al. 1997)
• Fx vs magnetic helicity (Maeshiro et al. 2005)
• Alfven waves Fx dB2 VA B v2microflares
  Fx B2 v
• ??????? Solar-B?
• ?? 0.2 (0.1 pixel)
• ??? 2 (1 pixel)

48
????SXT????(2MK??)?EIT, TRACE????(1MK)???
TRACE moss structure footpoints of hot loops
TRACE 171Åcool loops(1 MK)
Yohkoh/SXThot loops (gt 2 MK)
Katsukawa and Tsuneata (2005)
49
Magnetic Filling Factor???
cool loops
hot loops
l??????????????????????????????hot loop????
?????
????????????????????????????cool loop???
50
????????????????????????????

• R(top)/R(foot)1.13 Yohkoh SXT(Klimchuk et
  al.1992)1.16 TRACE(Watko Klimchuk 2000)

51
???????expansion factor????????????????????????
52
????????

• ???
• ??????????
• ???????????
• ????????????????????
• ???????????
• ???????
• ??????
• ???????????????
• ??????????????????????
• ??????????????????????????Solar-B???