Standards 3 and 4

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Standards 3 and 4
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The Northwest Ordinance- 1787
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• Guidelines for statehood
• banned slavery
• Encouraged education (set aside land)

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Louisiana Purchase
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• Jefferson wants to buy FL and N.O. for up to 10
  mil
• Napoleon offers all of L.P. for 15 mil
• OKs purchase on Constitutional authority to make
  treaties
• Doubles size of the U.S.

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• Explore Louisiana Territory
• Sacagawea Indian woman who helps interpreter
  and guide
• Scientific expedition
• Opens up area for westward expansion

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Adams-Onis Treaty - 1819

• Between Spain and U.S. to get Florida
• Also southern Miss and Alabama
• Spain gives up rights to Oregon
• Spain holds on to Texas

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Monroe Doctrine

• Warned European powers to stay away from the
  Americas
• Colonization in any part of Americas would be
  seen as act of aggression against the U.S.

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Jacksonian Democracy

• Jackson 1829-1837 president
• More people brought into political arena
• Championed common man
• More males can vote (money and property
  qualifications out)
• Spoils system install supporters into political
  offices
• Championed states rights
• Got rid of Bank of U.S. (strict constructionist)

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Manifest Destiny
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• America destined to bring democracy to the entire
  continent
• Part of the trek westward

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Indian Removal Act 1831

• Indian Territory (Oklahoma)
• Move all Indians west of Mississippi
• Cherokee refuse to leave
• Supreme Court says dont have to
• But Jackson orders removal
• 1838 Trail of Tears

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Texas
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• Mexico allows Americans in to Texas after 1821
  independence from Spain
• Americans want own independence from Mexico
  General Santa Ana fights them
• Battle of the Alamo Texans lose battle but win
  the war
• Texas is an independent country - 1836

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U.S. Annexes Texas 1845

• Mexico not happy about
• Border Rio Grande Mex thought should be further
  north
• Mexican American War
• Last 3 years we win
• Gain California, Nevada, Utah, New Mexico,
  Arizona, and Colorado
• Treaty of Guadlupe Hidalgo

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1853 Gadsden Purchase
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Homestead Act 1862

• Land west of Mississippi
• 160 acres farm on 5 years
• Direct purchase 1.25 acre live 6 months

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Regional Issues about

• South
• Create more free states

• North
• Workers leave for the west
• Reduce land value

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Pacific Railroad Act

• Encourage transcontinental railroad
• Federal land to RRs per mile of track laid
• 1869 RR complete west to east
• Promontory Utah golden spike

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Regional Differences
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North

• Industrialized
• Samuel Slater textile mills New England
• Canals, railroads, steam engines encourage growth
• Workers originally young women from farms
• Later immigrants (Irish) worked for low wages

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South

• Farming dominant plantations
• Cotton gin 1793 Cotton becomes cash crop
• Growth of textile mills in north fed need for
  more cotton
• Great until after Civil War one crop economy
  led to bad economic times

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West

• Capital from north flowed to west (RRs)
• Meat, grain, crops from west to northeast
• Manufactured goods to west

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The Antebellum Period
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Abolitionism

• Second Great Awakening religious and social
  awakening
• William Lloyd Garrison abolitionist published
  Liberator
• American Anti-Slavery Society
• Frederick Douglas, Grimke sisters

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Slavery and States Rights

• Fugitive Slave Law 1850
• Crime to help fugitive slave
• Have to return to owner even if make it to a free
  state
• Federal funds used to return

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The Missouri Compromise

• 1820
• Banned all slavery north of south border of
  Missouri
• Missouri in as slave state
• Maine in as a free state

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Nullification Crisis

• Could federal govt legislate the best?
• If state did not like a law could it choose to
  not obey? Nullify?
• John C. Calhoun (SC) 1828 high tariff felt hurt
  the South threatened to nullify
• 1832 SC Ordinance of Nullification
• SC right to secede and nullify
• Feds lower tariff say can use military force

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Wilmot Proviso

• David Wilmot PA tries to end spread of
  slavery add a rider to legislation to finance
  Mex-Am war
• Not approved but adds to debate about slavery

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Compromise of 1850

• California wants statehood
• South afraid upset power in Congress
• Cal in
• Strengthens fugitive slave laws

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Kansas-Nebraska Act - 1854

• The people decide slave or free

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Bleeding Kansas

• Pro-slavery people into Kansas before vote on
  constitution pro slave state
• Anti-Slave people protest
• John Brown
• 1861 in as free state

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Dred Scott Decision

• Dred Scott enslaved Af Am
• In Missouri slave state
• Moves with owner to free Wisconsin
• Back to MO
• Slaveholder dies Scott feels should be set free
  as lived in Wisconsin
• Decision Af Am so not a citizen
• Court no authority prohibit slavery anywhere

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The Civil War
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Abraham Lincoln

• Republican
• Free Soil
• 1860 election wins
• Dec 20 SC secedes
• Early 1861 other states follow
• April 12, 1861 Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor
  federal troops fired on by Confederates

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Confederate States of America

• Jefferson Davis

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Emancipation Proclamation- 1863

• Makes war a moral one
• Frees slaves in states that are still in
  rebellion
• Invited free slaves to join Union army

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Gettysburg Address - 1863

• Urged Americans to finish what was started at
  Gettysburg

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Shermans March to the Sea

• Total war
• Burned buildings, crops, killed livestock
• Surrender signed Appomattox court house
• by Lee

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Reconstruction

• 13th amendment abolished slavery
• 1865 Freedmens Bureau
• schools, shelter, medical care

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Andrew Johnson

• Pres after Lincoln assassinated
• Easy to get back in to Union
• Ratify 13th amendment
• Say they are sorry swear oath to union
• High ranking officials apply to pres for pardon

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Black Codes 1865-1866

• Southern politicians way to keep freedmen on the
  land
• Banned from owning land
• Vagrancy laws
• 14th amendment citizenship and equality
  protection of law negates these laws

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Radical Republicans

• Want to punish the South
• Felt old south was coming back politicians in
  power were same as before the war
• Reconstruction Acts of 1867
• Divided south into 5 military districts

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Scalawags

• Southerners who cooperated with Reconstruction
• Carpetbaggers Northerners who moved south
  some to help some to take advantage of economic
  opportunity -

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Sharecropping

• Former slaves ( and poor whites)
• Rent land from land owner
• Pay with part of crop that is harvested
• Worked to advantage of land owner not the people
  working the land

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End of Reconstruction

• 1870 15th amendment all citizens (except women)
  can vote
• Poll taxes, and literacy tests kept many from
  voting
• Compromise of 1877
• Contested 1876 election Hayes Hayes in troops
  in South out

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South Without Military

• Jim Crow Laws
• leads to segregated society
• Ku Klux Klan 1866 terrorizes Blacks 20th
  century go on to terrorize everyone who was not
  like them