Answer the following questions in your notebook:

1
Warm- Up

• Answer the following questions in your notebook
• How is a solution different from other mixtures?
• What are the two parts of a solution?
• What happens to the boiling point and freezing
  point of a solvent when a solution is added?
• TODAYS VOCAB concentration, dilute, saturated,
  solubility, supersaturated, polar, nonpolar,
  physical change, chemical change

2
How Much?Chapter 4.2

• NCSCOS 4.03 Messana

3
Big Idea

• Before we learned
• Solutions are homogenous mixtures
• Solution solute solvent
• Solutes change properties of solvents
• Today we will learn
• Concentration varies
• Solubility varies
• Solubility depends on structure

4
Concentration the amount of solute dissolved in
a solvent _at_ a certain temp.

Dilute Low concentration of solute Weak
Concentrated High concentration of solute Strong
Saturated MAXIMUM amount of solute for that temp. Strongest
Supersaturated ABOVE the MAX amount of solute b/c more solute was added when temp. was raised Beyond the Strongest
5
Concentration
6
SUPERSATURATION

• Supersaturation is when a solution contains more
  solute than is normally possible.
• This can be done by raising the temperature of a
  solution in order to dissolve more solute.
• Supersaturations are very unstable and if
  disturbed will form a PRECIPITATE

7
A supersaturated solution will have particles
that come out of solution if temperature drops or
it is disturbed in some way
8
Solubility

• Solubility is the AMOUNT of a substance that WILL
  dissolve in a solvent
• If it is a Highly Soluble solute, the SATURATED
  solution is VERY CONCENTRATED ( a lot dissolves!)
• If it has Low Solubility, the SATURATED solution
  is DILUTED (small amount will dissolve)
• Solubility can be changed by raising or
  increasing the temperature or pressure.

9
Changing Solubility

• To increase solubility of a solid
• Increase Temperature
• Example Add sugar to sweet tea when its heated
  to get more dissolved!
• To increase solubility of a gas
• Increase Pressure
• Example Carbon Dioxide in soda is dissolved
  under high pressure!

10
Solubility
Change Solid Gas
Increase Temperature Increase in solubility Decrease in Solubility
Decrease Temperature Decrease in Solubility Increase in solubility
Increased Pressure NO EFFECT Increase in solubility
Decreased Pressure NO EFFECT Decrease in Solubility
11
As temperature of a solid goes up, solubility
goes up

• -gt

12
As pressure on a gas goes up, solubility goes up

• -gt

13
Likes Dissolve Likes

• Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes
• Nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes
• Solute and solvent particles must ATTRACT each
  other in order to dissolve
• Nonpolar solutes have no charged regions to be
  attracted to charged regions of polar solvents,
  therefore no dissolving!

14
Polarity

• Why doesnt oil and water mix?
• Water is POLAR (molecules are like little
  magnets)
• Oil is NONPOLAR (molecules nonmagnetic)
• POLAR SUBSTANCES ONLY MIX WITH OTHER POLAR
  SUBSTANCES AND NONPOLAR ONLY MIXES with NONPOLAR