After waking up, please copy the following info about usage into your English Notebook.

1
THINGS THAT
After waking up, please copy the following info
about usage into your English Notebook.

• Affect or Effect?
• Among or Between?
• Alot or A Lot?
• Bad or Badly?
• Alright or All Right?

• Lie or Lay ?
• I or Me?
• Who or Whom?
• Good or Well?
• Hung or Hang?

MAKE YA GO, HMMM!
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Lie or Lay?
Lie means to rest or recline, and lay means to
place. If you want to get technical, lay is a
transitive verb, meaning it always takes a direct
object, which of course is a noun. Lie never
takes a direct object.
Example The books are lying on the floor.
Explanation Since a subject cant be a direct
object, there isnt a noun receiving the action
of lying or resting therefore, lying is
correct because it never takes a direct object.
3
Lie or Lay?
If the whole direct/indirect object thing
confuses you try this If you can substitute the
verb put, use lay. If you cant, use lie.

• Example Lay the books down.

• Explanation Makes sense because Put the books
  down works as a sentence.

• Example Im tired, so I think Ill lie down.

• Explanation You would never say, I think Ill
  put down, so since put doesnt work, use
  lie.

4
I or Me?

• A major problem with pronouns is the use of the
  wrong case. In English certain pronouns are meant
  to be the subject or predicate nominative of a
  sentence. Other words are meant to be the
  objects--whether direct, indirect, objects of
  prepositions, or object complements.
• Pronouns used as subjects or predicate
  nominatives (nominative case)
• I, you, he, she, it, we, they, who

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I or Me?

• Pronouns used as objects (objective case)
• me, you, him, her, it, us, them, whom
• Some things are really obvious. All English
  speakers know we say "I like him," not "Me like
  he."
• If we know that "Me like him" is incorrect, then
  that also means that "Katy and me like him" is
  incorrect. The word I belongs in the subject.
  The sentence should read "Katy and I like
  him."

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I or Me?

• Politeness says that the I, we, me or us comes
  last.
• If the sentence had some kind of compound object,
  the sentence would read "Katy likes Joe and me,"
  not "Katy likes Joe and I."
• After all, we would say "Katy likes me," not
  "Katy likes I." Similarly the object in "Katy
  likes the Gonzaless and us" is correct.

7
I or Me?

• All this confusion can easily be avoided if you
  just remove the second party from the sentences
  where you feel tempted to use me as an object.
• You wouldnt say, A.O.L. sent the refund check
  to I, so you shouldnt say A.O.L. sent the
  refund check to my brother and I either.
• And you shouldnt say to my brother and
  myself. The only correct way to say this
  is, A.O.L. sent the refund check to my
  brother and me. Sounds too casual? Get over
  it. Its correct.

8
I or Me?

• On a related point, those who continue to
  announce It is I have traditional grammatical
  correctness on their side, but they are vastly
  outnumbered by those who proudly boast its me!
  
• Theres not much that can be done about this now.
  Similarly, if a caller asks for Cassie and Cassie
  answers This is she, her somewhat old
  school correctness is likely to freak out the
  questioner into utter confusion.

9
Who or Whom?
The pronoun who is always the subject of a
sentence or clause. Who is never the object,
but whom is always the object of a transitive
verb or preposition.

• Example Who created a profile on MySpace
  without my permission?

• Explanation Who is the subject of the sentence.
  It stands for the person who created a profile.

10
Using Whom

• Example Chance called whom?

• Explanation Whom is receiving the action of
  being called, making it the direct object, and we
  know the pronoun who can only be the subject of
  a verb, never the object.

11
Using Whom

• Example To whom shall I e-mail the photos?

• Explanation Here, whom is the object of the
  preposition to. Since whom is always an
  object of either a verb or preposition, using
  who would be incorrect.

12
Good or Well?
Well, dont know which one to use? Good, but
heres how you figure it out. Just remember
good is an adjective and well is an adverb.
Use good to describe nouns or pronouns and
well to describe verbs.
Example Ken makes good sushi, and he
serves it well.
adjective noun
verb adverb
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Explaining Good or Well?
Explanation Sushi is a noun, so good can be
used to describe it. Serves is a verb, so
well can be used to describe how its served.
Tip Use good when describing feelings and
well when describing health.

• Example After hearing your apology, I feel
  good.
• Example Since eating lunch at school, I
  dont feel well.

14
Hung or Hang?

• Just remember this. Things are hung, people are
  hanged. It helps avoid embarrassing sentences.
• Example Kari hung her sweater on the chair.
• Example After being caught by an angry mob,
  Mussolini was hanged in the town square.

15
Affect or Effect
First, you have to know your parts of speech.
Dont use affect as a noun unless you mean it in
reference to your state of mind or mood.
Affect as a verb means to influence effect
as a verb means to bring about or to cause.
So, effect and affect have two different
meanings, which means you must think what
youre trying to say before choosing which
one to use. Yikes!
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Affect or Effect

• Example She effected changes in the government.
• Example His shoes affected his ability to jump.
• Example The weather effected tremendous damage
  in the mountains.

• Example Her teaching had a poor effect on me.

17
Among or Between
Rarely in life is something this simple. If you
are comparing two things or people, use
between. If the comparison involves more than
two, use among.
Example While its easy for me to choose between
sushi and McDonalds, its more difficult if I
have to choose among Italian, Mexican, and
Indian food.
18
Alot or A Lot?
Wouldnt it be nice if we all had a spell check
imbedded in our brain? If we did, wed realize
that alot is a spelling error. The correct
spelling is a lot. Two little words, thats
all. DO NOT USE A LOT in x2 writing. There is
better, more precise vocabulary available (see
your notes).
Example A lot of our spelling errors are due
to a lot of ignorance.
19
Bad or Badly
In general, bad is an adjective and badly an
adverb (after all, it ends in ly). However,
when applied to the five senses of sight, smell,
sound, touch, and taste, use bad.
Example The chili at the local fast food
restaurant left a bad taste in my mouth.
adjective noun
Example Ever since Shaq left the Lakers,
theyve played badly.
Verb Adverb
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Bad or Badly
Remember, when applied to the five senses of
sight, smell, sound, touch, and taste, use bad.
Sight Those mushrooms look bad. Smell Never
eat sushi that smells bad. Sound Admit it,
Brittany Spears sounds bad. Touch Chewing
of foil feels bad. Taste Black licorice
tastes bad to many people.
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Bad or Badly
One more thing about bad or badly. If youre
describing someones feelings, use bad. If you
dont, it sounds like youre talking about
someones sense of touch, such as She feels
badly. Literally, it means her sense of touch
is bad or that her fingers lack sensation.
Right I feel bad about your grade in
English. Wrong I feel badly about your grade in
English.
22
Alright or All Right
Alright is all wrong. Its always all right.
All right?
Example After falling in class, Sara
yelled, Im all right!
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All right. Im awake now!