Personality

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Personality

• Chapter 10

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Activity

• On a ½ sheet of paper- write a list of
  words/characteristics
• that describe your personality (tear off the
  empty half)

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• Get a partner that knows you- give them the empty
  half sheet with your name on it
• Your partner should now describe you

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• Give the list back to the person
• Compare the list you wrote, with the list your
  partner wrote
• Are there similarities differences? Why?

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• How are people similar?
• How are people different?
• What makes you unique?

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Personality

• A persons unique and relatively consistent
  patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

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Theories of Personality

• Different theories tell us how and why we have
  the personality we do.

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Psychoanalysis- Freud

• Personality is determined from your unconscious
  desires/ conflicts (sexual aggressive)

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Consciousness

• Unconscious- what you dont know is there- formed
  in early childhood
• Preconscious- you dont know, but can get easily
• Conscious- what you know and can remember

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Psychoanalytical Approach
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Accessing the Unconscious Mind

• The Freudian Slips
• Freud's term for these was "faulty action" In
  every case there is presumed to be an unconscious
  determinant of the faulty action, which can
  sometimes be inferred directly from the context.

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Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the
Unconscious Mind

• The Freudian Slip - Speech
• "As I was telling my husb" before abruptly
  breaking off and correcting herself "As I was
  telling President Bush."
• Condeleeza Rice
• Does the Secretary of State have a tormented
  life??

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Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the
Unconscious Mind

• The Freudian Slip - Speech
• Please do not give me any bills, because I
  cannot swallow them (Patient meant to say pills,
  but was really preoccupied by financial stresses)
• Youre the breast dressed woman here. (Man to
  his neighbors wife at costume party. Should
  have said best. Does this men he lusts after
  her?)

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Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the
Unconscious Mind

• The Freudian Slip - Body
• Yes, I really like you. (Hands on hips and legs
  crossed? Body-language indicates defiance and
  un-acceptance.)
• No, I never cheated on you. (Playing with an
  ear and a shifty gaze? Indicates lying, avoiding
  the truth.)

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Psychoanalytical Approach Developing Personality

• The battle for satisfaction between the
  unconscious mind and our conscious awareness
  takes place on three mental battlefields
• ID
• EGO
• SUPEREGO

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Freuds personality structure

• Id- At Birth
• Unconscious
• Pleasure Principle
• Irrational, instinctual, Immediate

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• Ego- comes with experience
• Reality Principle
• Part Conscious (un, pre)
• Organized, rational, acceptable ways to desire
• Mediator

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• Superego- (5 or 6)
• Morality Principle
• Partly Conscious (un, pre)
• Values, acceptable behavior, conscience,
  guilt-shame-anxiety

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Ego Defense Mechanisms

• Your EGO must safely and responsibly satisfy your
  ID, while keeping in mind your SUPEREGO

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• Too much for the ego anxiety
• Reality is distorted to keep away the anxiety

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Defense Mechanism

• Your minds way of reducing internal stress
  caused by excess anxiety

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Repression

• Excluding from consciousness all anxiety
  producing thoughts, feelings, impulses

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• You cant remember anything about a car accident
  you had two weeks ago
• The accident produces too much anxiety- so it
  goes away

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Regression

• Behaving in a way that is characteristic of
  earlier development (childlike).

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• Georgia is a 10 year old sucking her thumb all
  of a sudden, she stopped at age 2.
• After a divorce (she cant handle the idea) she
  reverts back to a safer time

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Sublimation

• The Transfer of unwanted behaviors into something
  less harmful.
• Freud considered it the only healthy defense
  mechanism

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• A person who is angry may work out and get in
  shape as a result
• A person that is sexually frustrated may become
  an artist and release the pent up energy and
  emotion into great works of art.

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Identification

• When a person changes some aspect of their
  personality to be more like others thus
  reducing anxiety.
• Occurs on a subconscious level not just
  mimicking

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Reaction formation

• Thinking or behaving in a way that is the extreme
  opposite of unacceptable urges or impulses

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• Girls have coodies and boys are gross
• Pre-puberty will often be frightened of their
  sexual awakenings so they express the opposite
  feelings

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Undoing

• Unconscious repentance that involves atoning for
  an unacceptable thought or action with a second
  thought or action

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• You steal from the grocery store. You give a lot
  money to the salvation army
• You cheat on a test, you buy Mrs. Andes flowers

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Displacement

• Redirection of impulse toward a safe alternative

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• I go home and kick my dog.
• I was really upset because my seniors miss too
  many days of class, I cant hurt them, so I pick
  something I can hurt

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Rationalization

• Justifying your actions/ feelings with another
  explanation- not your true feelings

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• Im glad I didnt get into that college- the
  drive would have been too far.
• You were really upset about not getting in, but
  cant face that anxiety

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Projection

• Giving your own unacceptable urges or qualities
  to others.

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• I dont understand how he doesnt get a
  detention- he is always late to class!
• You have been late 123 times, but you dont talk
  about YOU.

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• A married woman who is sexually attracted to a
  co-worker accuses him of flirting with her

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Denial

• Failing to recognize or acknowledge the existence
  of information that causes anxiety.

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• No, I dont have a drinking problem, I can stop
  anytime I want.
• You are an alcoholic- your friends and family all
  know it, but you wont admit it.

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Defense Mechanisms

• Give examples from personal experience of each of
  the defense mechanisms (see table 10.1, 401).
  Why do people use defense mechanisms?

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Psychosexual stages of development
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Psychosexual Stages

• Freuds theory of sexual development
• Sexual means whatever brings pleasure, not
  procreation

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• Different sexual urges are expressed through
  different parts of the body at different ages.
• The pleasure centers

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• If too much or too little energy is expressed
  during each stage- a person can become fixated
• Fixated stages affect your personality

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Oral Stage

• Birth to 1 ½
• Pleasure through eating, biting, putting
  everything in mouth

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Fixated?

• Bites on pens, smokes, bites fingernails,
  addicted to chap stick, chews a lot of gum
• Gullible, sarcastic, lacks confidence

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Anal Stage

• 1 ½ to 3
• Pleasure through control of elimination
• Potty training

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Fixated?

• Excessively ordered
• Anal Retentive
• Excessively sloppy
• Self destructive tendencies

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Phallic Stage

• Age 3-5
• Discover genitals
• Attachment to opp sex parent, Jealous of same sex
  parent

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Oedipus Complex

• Unconscious desire for opposite sex parent
  hostility toward same sex parent
• Boys Mommies

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Electra Complex

• Unconscious desire for opposite sex parent
  hostility toward same sex parent
• Girls Daddies

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Identification

• To get rid of urges imitation of same sex
  parent
• Boys want to only play with Daddy, Girls only
  with Mommy

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Latency Stage

• Age 5- Puberty
• No sexual energy
• Learns gender identity

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Genital Stage

• Puberty
• Reproduction capable
• Mature, responsible urges instead of sexual
• No Fixation

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Updating Freuds Theory

• Less emphasis than Freud on
• Sexual basis of personality
• Men vs. women