THE AGE OF JEFFERSON (1800-1816)

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THE AGE OF JEFFERSON(1800-1816)

• Includes the presidencies of both Thomas
  Jefferson, and his good friend and fellow
  Democratic Republican, James Madison

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The Louisiana Purchase

• (The trademark of Jeffersons first term as
  president)

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Jefferson wants to Expand the land of the US

• The Country is growing fast, the US farmers need
  more space.
• US wants/needs access to the newly settling
  western states (ie. access to port of New Orleans
  and the Mississippi River)
• Could use Port of New Orleans and Miss. River for
  free with Pinkneys Treaty, but, Napoleon took
  over Louisiana from Spain, nullifying Pinkneys
  Treaty (bummer).

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• Striking a Deal With Napoleon

• American diplomats sent to France to purchase
  Port of New Orleans for 10 million
• Napoleon counter-offers to sell all of Louisiana
  for an insanely low price (15 million)
• Unfortunately the sale is not necessarily
  constitutional (if a strict construction)
• Jefferson takes the deal anyway.

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(No Transcript)
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Lewis and Clark

• Jefferson sends Meriweather Lewis and William
  Clark on an expedition of Discovery.

Famous map of Lewis and Clark's expedition. It
changed mapping of northwest America by providing
the first accurate depiction of the relationship
of the sources of the Columbia and Missouri
Rivers, and the Rocky Mountains around 1814
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Jeffersonian Democracy
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Jeffersons Political Views

• Wants a Nation of middle class farmers
• Strict interpretation of the Constitution rather
  loose interpretation.
• Believed that State and local governments were
  closest to the people.
• Believed in small government.
• Strongly Deist (nearly atheist)

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Shrunk the Federal Gov.

• Paid down debt 80 million in 1800 to 57
  million in 1809 (using Federalist Alexander
  Hamiltons debt repayment plan)
• Smaller bureaucracy, smaller army smaller navy
• Cut taxes, particularly those hated excise taxes
  (like Whiskey tax)
• Repealed some Adams Administration legislation,
  such as Alien/Sedition Acts

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Marbury Vs. Madison
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Midnight Judges

• Federalist Judges appointed by Adams right at the
  end of his administration.
• As a way to maintain Federalist legacy in the
  face of Democratic Republic political victory in
  1800

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The Chief Justice John Marshall

• Appointed by John Adams immediately before the
  end of his administration.
• One of the Midnight Judges
• Staunch Federalist
• In office for 35 years, presided over 1000 cases
  and wrote over half of them.
• 4 part legacy

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His Legacy
In your notes use your own words when explaining
the significance of each case.
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Marbury vs Madison The story
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The big deal!

• Judicial Review!!!!!!
• And it equaled out the powers of the 3 branches
  of governmentnow the Judicial branch could judge
  the actions of the Executive (president) and
  Legislative (Congress) branches as Constitutional
  or Unconstitutionala check on their powers!

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Legacy

• Keeping in mind that throughout American history
  that the Supreme Court has been responsible for
  striking down laws such as segregation, and
  anything that prevents free speech. Describe in
  one paragraph a world in which judicial review
  did not exist. Explain your reasons for the
  description.

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Jefferson and Foreign Policy

• Further struggles with Britain

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The Circumstances

• Thomas Jefferson is elected to a second term in
  1804.and he continues to try to maintain US
  neutrality, BUT.
• The Napoleonic Wars raged on -There has been
  continuous warfare in Europe since 1793, mostly
  pitting Great Britain and France (and their
  respective allies) against each other...

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• Both the French and the British want the
• US to join their side, and both are seizing
• American merchant ships in an effort to
• convince the US to abandon neutrality, but
• we are angrier at Great Britain, because
• Britain controls the seas, particularly the
  Atlantic, where we are most often trading.
• Being a Democratic Republican, Jefferson is, by
  definition, pro-French.
• The British do not just seize cargo, but also
  press American sailors into British naval
  service, because.

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British Impressment

• .being a sailor in the British Navy was
  possibly the worst job that a free man could have
  in the nineteenth century, many seamen deserted
  the British Navy. Thus, when the British came
  upon a U.S. merchant vessel they frequently
  boarded the ship and "impressed" a portion of its
  crew into service. In the process, an estimated
  6,000 sailors with U.S. citizenship were
  impressed (kidnapped) into the British Navy
  between 1803 and 1812. Hmmmm. Back to
  disrespect.

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Moreover, because of the war, both France and
Great Britain set up blockades to discourage
trade with their opponentsFor example
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MeanwhileThe Barbary War.

• Barbary States of North Africa got bribes
  (protection money) from International states in
  return for their pirates not raiding their
  shipping.
• The ruler of Tripoli increased his price.
• Jefferson sent the Navy to Mediterranean Sea to
  blockade the city and won a favorable peace.
• So what?

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The Chesapeake-Leopard affair (1807) was the
final straw that led, not to war, but to.
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The Embargo Act

• What is it?
• So what?