Acids and Bases

1
Acids and Bases
2
General properties

• ACIDS
• Turn litmus
• React with active metals Fe, Zn
• React with bases

• BASES
• Turn litmus
• Feel soapy or slippery (react with fats to make
  soap)
• React with acids

3
Definitions

• Acids produce H
• Bases - produce OH-
• Acids donate H
• Bases accept H
• Acids accept e- pair
• Bases donate e- pair

Arrehenius
only in water
Bronsted-Lowry
any solvent
Lewis
used in organic chemistry, wider range of
substances
4
Examples
The hydrogen ion in aqueous solution
H H2O ? H3O (hydronium ion)
Arrhenius
HCl
NaOH
Bronsted-Lowry
HCl
NH3
HCN
NH3
Lewis
BF3
5
Neutralization
HCl NaOH ? NaCl HOH
In general Acid Base ? Salt Water
All neutralization reactions are double
displacement reactions.
6
Behavior of oxides in water Group A
basic
amphoteric
acidic
8A
1A
3A 4A 5A 6A 7A
2A
Group B
basic Na2O H2O ? 2NaOH (O-2 H2O ?
2OH-)
acidic CO2 H2O ? H2CO3
7
pH
The biological view in the human body
acidic
basic/alkaline
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
7
blood
saliva
urine
gastric juice
pancreatic juice
vaginal fluid
bile
cerebrospinal fluid
Tortora Grabowski, Prin. of Anatomy
Physiology, 10th ed., Wiley (2003)
8
Thank You