The Chemistry of Acids and Bases

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The Chemistry of Acids and Bases
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Acids and Bases CharacteristicsAt the
conclusion of our time together, you should be
able to

1. Give examples of acids and bases
2. List some properties of acids and bases
3. Compare and contrast the characteristics of
   acids and bases

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Hopefully, when we get done, you wont be in this
much trouble!!
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Acid and Bases
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Acid and Bases
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Acid and Bases
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Acids
Have a sour taste. Ex. Vinegar is a solution of
acetic acid. Citrus fruits contain citric acid.
React with certain metals to produce hydrogen gas.
React with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce
carbon dioxide gas
Bases
Have a bitter taste.
Feel slippery. Many soaps contain bases.
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Kids Letters to God
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Some Properties of Acids

• Produce H (as H3O) ions in water (the
  hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a
  water molecule)
• Taste sour, Corrode metals, Electrolytes
• React with bases to form a salt and water
• pH is less than 7, Turns blue litmus paper to red
  Blue to Red A-CID

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Some Properties of Bases

• Produce OH- ions in water
• Taste bitter, chalky, are electrolytes
• Feel soapy, slippery
• React with acids to form salts and water
• pH greater than 7
• Turns red litmus paper to blue Basic Blue

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The Same?

• Somebody's Gonna Lose A Trailer.

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Acids and Bases CharacteristicsLets see if
you can

1. Give examples of acids and bases
2. List some properties of acids and bases
3. Compare and contrast the characteristics of
   acids and bases

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Get Your Clicker!!!
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Which of the following is not a characteristic of
an acid?

1. Tastes sour
2. pH is lower than 7
3. Reacts with a base to form salt and water
4. Turns litmus paper blue
5. Produces H ions in water
6. All answers are correct

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Which of the following is not a characteristic of
a base?

1. Tastes bitter
2. pH is higher than 7
3. Reacts with an acid to form salt and water
4. Turns litmus paper blue
5. Produces OH- ions in water
6. All answers are correct

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The Chemistry of Acids and Bases
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Acids and Bases NamingAt the conclusion of our
time together, you should be able to

1. Name any acid or base
2. Determine if the acid is binary or ternary
   (oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system

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Naming Acids

• Binary Acids
• Contain H and one other element
• To Name
• Hydro second element name ic acid
• Ex HCl Hydro chlorine ine ic acid
• Hydrochloric acid
• HF
• Hydrofluoric acid

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Stem or root of nonmetal
Prefix
Suffix
Hydro-
lt NM gt
-ic
acid
HCl is a binary acid hydrogen - nonmetal
HCl
chlor
Hydro
ic
acid
Hydro
iod
ic
acid
HI
Hydro
sulfur
ic
acid
H2S
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Naming Acids (cont.)

• Ternary Acids (oxyacids)
• Contain H, O and one more element
• To Name
• Polyatomic ion ate ? ic acid
• Ex HNO3 Nitr-ate ? ic acid
• Nitric acid
• HClO3
• Chloric acid
• An easy way to remember which goes with which
• In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky

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Naming Acids (cont.)

• If the acid has one more oxygen than the root
  acid, the naming goes as follows
• To Name
• Per Polyatomic ion ate ? ic acid
• Ex HNO4 Per Nitr-ate ? ic acid
• Pernitric acid
• H2SO5
• Persulfuric acid

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Naming Acids (cont.)

• If the acid has one less oxygen than the root
  acid, the naming goes as follows
• To Name
• Polyatomic ion ite ? ous acid
• Ex HNO2 Nitr-ite ? ous acid
• Nitrous acid
• H2SO3
• Sulfurous acid

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Naming Acids (cont.)

• If the acid has two less oxygens than the root
  acid, the naming goes as follows
• To Name
• Hypo Polyatomic ion ite ? ous acid
• Ex HNO Hypo nitr-ite ? ous acid
• Hyponitrous acid
• HClO
• Hypochlorous acid

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Acid Nomenclature Review
No Oxygen?
w/Oxygen
In the cafeteria, you ATE something ICky
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Acid Nomenclature Flowchart
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Summary of Naming Ternary Acids
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Acid Nomenclature Review

• HBr (aq)
• H2CO3
• H2SO3

? hydrobromic acid
? carbonic acid
? sulfurous acid
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Name Em!

• HI (aq)
• HCl (aq)
• H2SO3
• HNO3
• HClO4

Hydroiodic acid Hydrochloric acid Sulfurous
acid Nitric acid Perchloric acid
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Practicing Naming All Acids
Formula Binary or Ternary Name
HCl B
HI B
HNO2 T
H2SO5 T
H3PO2 T
H4C B
Hydrochloric acid
Hydroiodic acid
Nitrous acid
Persulfuric acid
Hypophosphorous acid
Hydrocarbonic acid
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Chemical Compound Quiz
Hypochlorous acid helps get the laundry white and
bright. What is the common name? Bleach
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Naming Bases

• Name the metal first
• Add hydroxide
• Ex NaOH Sodium hydroxide
• KOH
• Potassium hydroxide

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Some Common Bases

• NaOH sodium hydroxide, lye
• KOH potassium hydroxide, liquid soap
• Ba(OH)2 barium hydroxide, stabilizer for
  plastics
• Mg(OH)2 magnesium hydroxide MOM
• Milk of magnesia
• Al(OH)3 aluminum hydroxide, Maalox (antacid)

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Tell you what, Ill follow you!!
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Practice Naming Bases
Formula Name
NaOH
Fe(OH)3
Mg(OH)2
Ni(OH)2
NH4OH
Sodium hydroxide
Iron (III) hydroxide
Magnesium hydroxide
Nickel (II) hydroxide
Ammonium hydroxide
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Acids and Bases NamingLets see if you can

1. Name any acid or base
2. Determine if the acid is binary or ternary
   (oxy-acid) and use the appropriate naming system

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Get Your Clicker!!!
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Name HCl.

1. Hydrogen chloride
2. Hydrochloric acid
3. Chloric acid
4. Perchloric acid
5. Chlorous acid
6. Hypochlorus acid
7. I have no idea!!
8. Who cares??

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Name HClO.

1. Hydrogen chloride
2. Hydrochloric acid
3. Chloric acid
4. Perchloric acid
5. Chlorous acid
6. Hypochlorus acid
7. I have no idea!!
8. Who cares??

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Name HClO3.

1. Hydrogen chloride
2. Hydrochloric acid
3. Chloric acid
4. Perchloric acid
5. Chlorous acid
6. Hypochlorus acid
7. I have no idea!!
8. Who cares??

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Forgetter Be Forgotten?My forgetter's getting
better,But my rememberer is brokeTo you that
may seem funnyBut, to me, that is no joke.For
when I'm 'here' I'm wonderingIf I really should
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haven't got a prayer!
42
Forgetter Be Forgotten?Oft times I walk into a
room,Say 'what am I here for?'I wrack my brain,
but all in vain!A zero, is my score.At times I
put something awayWhere it is safe, but,
Gee!The person it is safest fromIs, generally,
me!
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Forgetter Be Forgotten?When shopping I may see
someone,Say 'Hi' and have a chat,Then, when the
person walks awayI ask myself, 'who the hell was
that?Yes, my forgetter's getting betterWhile
my rememberer is broke,And it's driving me plumb
crazyAnd that isn't any joke.
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Name HClO4.

1. Hydrogen chloride
2. Hydrochloric acid
3. Chloric acid
4. Perchloric acid
5. Chlorous acid
6. Hypochlorus acid
7. I have no idea!!
8. Who cares??

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Name HClO2.

1. Hydrogen chloride
2. Hydrochloric acid
3. Chloric acid
4. Perchloric acid
5. Chlorous acid
6. Hypochlorous acid
7. I have no idea!!
8. Who cares??

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Name H2SO4

1. Hydrogen Sulfate
2. Hydrosulfuric acid
3. Sulfuric acid
4. Persulfuric acid
5. Sulfurous acid
6. Hyposulfurous acid
7. I have no idea!!
8. Who cares??

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Name H3PO3

1. Hydrogen phosphite
2. Hydrophosphic acid
3. Phosphoric acid
4. Perphosphic acid
5. Phosphorous acid
6. Hypophosphorous acid
7. I have no idea!!
8. Who cares??

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Name HNO.

1. Hydrogen Nitrite
2. Hydronitric acid
3. Nitric acid
4. Pernitric acid
5. Nitrous acid
6. Hyponitrous acid
7. I have no idea!!
8. Who cares??

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Name Sr(OH)2

1. Strontium (II) Hydroxide
2. Strontium Oxygen Hydrogen
3. Strontium Oxyhydride
4. Strontium Hydroxide
5. Strontinoic Acid
6. Strontium Dihydroxide
7. Not listed

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Name Fe(OH)3

1. Iron (III) Hydroxide
2. Iron Hydroxide
3. Ironic Acid
4. Iron (I) Hydroxide
5. Iron Oxyhydride
6. Not listed

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Red-Neck Innovations
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