Unit Standard: SSWH13 The student will examine the intellectual, political, social, and economic factors that changed the world view of Europeans.

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• Unit Standard SSWH13 The student will examine
  the intellectual, political, social, and economic
  factors that changed the world view of Europeans.
• Objectives Identify the circumstances that led
  to the Scientific Revolution.
• Summarize the development of the heliocentric
  method.
• EQ How have the ideas of the Enlightenment and
  Scientific Revolution had an effect on modern
  society?
• Vocabulary geocentric theory, Scientific
  Revolution, heliocentric theory, Galileo Galilei

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Scientific Revolution

• New technology combined with innovative
  approaches to seeking knowledge led to new wave
  of thought
• A general weakening in full reliance of the works
  of the ancients (Aristotle, etc.)
• Challenged theologys claim to be the summit of
  intellectual activity

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The Spread of Scientific Knowledge

• The scientific method and the emergence of new
  scientific societies enabled scientists to
  communicate their ideas to one another and to
  spread their ideas to a wider audience.
• Frances Bacon developed the scientific method.
• Scientific societies appeared first in Italy, but
  those of England and France were more
  significant.

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Nicholas Copernicus (1473-1543)

• Polish scholar
• Convinced that the earth was round and rotated on
  its axis as it revolved around the sun
• Heliocentrism
• A dangerous and revolutionary idea, not published
  to the year of his death

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He placed the 5 known planets and the earth
orbiting the sun in perfect circles at a constant
speed. They were ordered based on the time it
takes each planet to complete a trip through the
ecliptic (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter,
and Saturn).
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Johannes Kepler (1571-1630)

• Provided mathematical proof for Copernicus
  hypotheses
• Refuted some of Copernicus view by proving the
  planets moved in ellipses around the sun, not
  perfect circles
• Found that planets travel at different speeds

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Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)

• Faced serious church opposition for his ideas
• Built his own telescope and made controversial
  observations
• Reasoned that not all heavenly bodies revolve
  around the earth
• Church leaders felt that accepting the earths
  dependent position in the universe was a
  rejection of Holy Scripture
• Forced to recant many statements
• Helped to establish the universal laws of physics

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Isaac Newton (1642-1727)

• One of the most influential figures in modern
  science
• Engaged in ground-breaking studies in mathematics
  and physics
• Came up with the most famous theorem in history-
  EM2/D2
• Many years later, published his conclusions and
  proofs regarding gravity and other finds
• Explained and expanded on the work of Copernicus,
  Kepler, and Galileo
• Spent his later years in religious speculation
  and theological inquiries