Participles

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Participles
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Verbals and Verbal Phrases

• Verbals are forms of a verb that are used not as
  verbs but as other parts of speech.
• There chief function is to act as other parts of
  speech adjectives, nouns, adverbs
• Three kinds of verbals
• Participles
• Gerunds
• Infinitives

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The Participle

• A participle is a verb form used as an adjective.
• Since the participle is part verb and part
  adjective, it can be called a verbal adjective

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The Participle

• Example
• The simmering soup smelled scrumptious.
• Simmering is formed from the verb to simmer but
  also modifies the noun soup.
• Words formed from verbs and used as adjectives
  are called participles

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The Participle

• Examples
• A chipped tooth hurts.
• Chipped is formed from the verb to chip but also
  modifies the noun tooth.
• Words formed from verbs and used as adjectives
  are called participles.

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Types of Participles

• There are two types of participles
• Present Participle
• Past Participle

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Present Participles

• Present participles consist of the plain form of
  the verb plus ing.
• Example
• The annoying child refused to be quiet.
• Annoying (formed by taking the plain form of the
  verb annoy and adding ing) is a present
  participle modifying the noun child.

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Present Participles

• The present participle can also be part of a verb
  phrase
• The students were laughing.
• Laughing is the present participle
• If a present participle is preceded by a helping
  verb (were), then it is considered to be part of
  the verb and not a separate adjective.

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Past Participles

• Past participles consist of the plain form of the
  verb plus d or ed.
• A few are formed irregularly.
• Examples
• Beginbeganbegun
• Flyflewflown

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Past Participles

• Example
• The scared girl cried when she saw the ghost.
• Scared (formed by taking the plain form of the
  verb scare and adding d) is a past participle
  modifying the noun girl.

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Past Participles

• Example
• Pleased by the results, the teacher complemented
  the students.
• Pleased (formed by taking the plain form of the
  verb please and adding d) is a past participle
  modifying the noun teacher.

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Past Participles

• Like a present participle, a past participle can
  also be part of a verb phrase.
• Example
• He was pleased with the results.
• Pleased (preceded by the helping verb was) is a
  past participle that is part of a verb phrase
  (was pleased).

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Past Participles

• Example
• The girl was scared.
• Scared (preceded by the helping verb was) is a
  past participle that is part of the verb phrase
  (was scared).

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Assignment

• Please rewrite the following sentences. After
  each sentence, list the participle and identify
  it as present or past. Finally, identify the noun
  or pronoun the participle modifies if it is part
  of a verb phrase, please write VP. Be careful not
  to confuse participles with the main verb of the
  sentence.

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Assignment

1. He has an undeserved reputation.
2. Desiring to change this perception, he decided to
   volunteer his time.
3. He debated about which organization would be
   receiving his services.
4. Seeking something different and unique, he chose
   the Humans for Dragons Organization.
5. The Humans for Dragons Organization provides safe
   homes to rehabilitating stallions.

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Assignment

• 6. After much experience, he realized that he was
  making the correct decision.
• 7. These dragons needed his help.
• 8. Founded in 2006, this Organization continues
  to grow.
• 9. As of today, the Organization has helped over
  five hundred dragons.
• 10. Without people like him, these smiling
  dragons would not survive.