BELLWORK

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BELLWORK

• Read The Catholic Reformation pgs. 198-201 ?
• Why was the Catholic church threatened by
  Protestantism? How did they respond to this
  challenge?
• Explain the Council of Trent. List three changes
  they made.
• What did the Catholic church change about the
  Inquisition?
• What is baroque?
• Who were the Jesuits? How did they spread
  Catholicism?
• Explain the religious divisions in Europe.
• THINKER What is an arranged marriage? Why did
  countries use these during the Renaissance?

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Pope Paul III and the Council of Trent
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The Arts

• Baroque new style of art architecture that
  stressed emotion, complexity, and exaggeration
  for dramatic effect

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Review Reformation

• To review over Reformation, you will complete a
  cause/effect chart in your notes.
• Think of this as an overview of the unit!
• Causes ? Why did Reformation happen? Problems?
  Demands? New ideas?
• Effects ? What changed because of Reformation?
  Protestantism? Calvinism? Counter-Reformation?

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The Tudor Dynasty

• English Monarchs 1485-1603

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HENRY VIII

• Henry VIII is the most controversial king in all
  of history.
• He is solely responsible for Englands separation
  from the Catholic Church.
• This break from the church was not brought on by
  the corruption of the pope or society
• it was brought on by lust.
• King Henry VIII had six wives and this is their
  story and how it relates to a new church in
  England.

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HENRY VIII

• Henry VII was king and had two sons Henry and
  Arthur.
• Since Arthur was the eldest, he was heir to the
  throne.
• Arthur married Catherine of Aragon (Spain), but
  died four months after their wedding.
• Catherine said their marriage had never been
  consummated and was granted an annulment from the
  Catholic church.
• She then married the new King of England HENRY
  VIII. (Arthurs brother)

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Catherine of Aragon

• Now, Catherine and Henry VIII were going to try
  for their own heir to the throne by having a
  son.
• Catherine had 2 stillborns, 1 miscarriage, and 2
  sons that died less than a year old.
• Finally, she had a child that lived!
• Only problem was.it was a girl Mary.
• The couple continued to try, but Catherine was 40
  and beyond child-bearing age.
• Henry became desperate and started an affair with
  Mary Boleyn, but she too could not conceive a
  child.

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Anne Boleyn

• After numerous mistresses, he fell in love with
  Anne Boleyn. (Marys sister/Catherines maid)
• Henry VIII began to petition the pope for an
  annulment to his marriage with Catherine.
• This argument went on for six years. It was
  against their religion and Catherine wanted to
  secure her daughter Marys spot as the heir.
• Things came to a head in 1533 when Anne became
  pregnant.
• To avoid any questions about the childs
  legitimacy, Henry had to act quick.

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The Break from the Catholic Church

• His solution was to the reject the power of the
  Pope in England and have Thomas Cranmer, the
  archbishop of Canterbury, grant the annulment.
• HENRY VIII then created The Church of England
  this FOREVER changed religion.
• In his new church, he divorced Catherine, demoted
  her as queen and kicked her out of England.
• He married Anne Boleyn in January 1533 and she
  became the new Queen of England.

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Anne Boleyn

• The couple became excited for their first child
  that would hopefully become the heir, but
• It was a girl Elizabeth
• They kept trying, but Anne had two miscarriages.
• The pressure was on to have a son, especially
  since Henry VIII had shown interest in Jane
  Seymour.
• The majority of England was unhappy with Annes
  influence on leaving the church so they began to
  plot against her.

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Anne Boleyn

• In May 1536, Anne and her brother were arrested
  on charges of incest, adultery and plotting
  against the king.
• Even though the charges were false, the king
  approved of their executions.
• Before the execution, Henry declared their
  marriage was dissolved and invalid
• Anne was beheaded on May 19th.

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Jane Seymour

• On the same day as Anne Boleyns execution, Jane
  Seymour moved in with Henry.
• The two were married on May 30, 1536.
• 11 days after Annes execution
• Two years later, Jane became pregnant.
• Henry hoped for a boy since he considered Jane
  his true wife.
• In October 1538 a son was born!
• Edward was now the official heir to the throne.
• Jane died two weeks later.

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Anne of Cleves

• Henry stayed single for over two years due to his
  true love for Jane.
• The split from Rome left England isolated, so he
  needed the possibility of a bride to secure an
  alliance.
• He made a deal with the Duke of Cleves (France)
  to marry his sister, Anne.
• Immediately after their marriage, Henry wanted
  out.
• She was not literate and extremely unattractive.
• She knew there would be trouble if she didnt
  agree with the king. Therefore, she said her
  marriage had never been consummated and they were
  divorced.

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Kathryn Howard

• Sixteen days after his divorce with Anne, Henry
  took his fifth wife, Kathryn Howard, on July 28,
  1540.
• Henry was 49 and Kathryn was 19.
• Kathryn was Anne Boleyns cousin (Henrys 2nd
  wife)
• Less than a year into Kathryn's marriage, the
  rumors of infidelity began.
• There was enough evidence that the queen had been
  an unfaithful wife.
• She was executed on February 13, 1542.

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The last years.

• Katherine Parr became Henrys 6th wife in July
  1543.
• She was very close with her three stepchildren,
  Mary, Elizabeth and Edward.
• Henry VIII died in January 1547.
• Edward VI, Henrys only son (with Jane Seymour)
  became the new king of England, at 10 years old.
• Unfortunately, Edward became ill and died five
  years later.
• Who would rule England now?

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Queen Mary I

• After Edwards death, Henry VIIIs first daughter
  (with Catherine of Aragon) ruled over England
  Queen Mary I.
• During her ruling, Mary did something extremely
  controversial..
• She restored England to Roman Catholicism!!!
• Many people disapproved of this, but Mary burned
  any people who spoke out.
• This is how she got the nickname Bloody Mary.
• Mary I died in 1558 with no heir to the throne.
• Who would rule next?

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Queen Elizabeth I

• After Marys death, Henrys last child (with Anne
  Boleyn) became the new queen Elizabeth I.
• For the past two years, Elizabeth had been
  imprisoned after Mary accused her of heresy.
• The first thing she did as queen was restore the
  church back to Protestantism.
• This becomes The Church of England, as it is
  today.
• Elizabeth I dies in 1603.
• After five rulers, six wives, and the dramatic
  change in religion. All of Henrys decedents had
  passed and England was ruled by James I, from a
  completely different family.

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CLOSURE

• On a sheet of paper, summarize the life of HENRY
  VIII.
• SUMMARIZE!!! Dont include too many details.
• 8-10 sentences.