Section 3: The Great Plains

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Chapter 7

• Section 3 The Great Plains The South West

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Plains Indians

• Nomadic
• Hunted bison
• The Impact of the horse
• Natives acquired them through trade raids on
  Spanish settlements
• Changed most about Native life

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• Nature of warfare the division of labor
• Some groups didnt change their ways, while for
  others the horse completely changed their way of
  living

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New Nations New Settlers

• Cheyenne, Sioux, Comanche, Blackfeet
• Because of the buffalo
• Avoid the settlers
• New States
• Iowa 1846, Wisconsin 1848, Minnesota 1858

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The Decline of Villages

• Some nomadic groups developed into warrior
  cultures
• Comanche drove the Apache Navajo into Spanish
  New Mexico
• Controlled the southern plains

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• Agricultural natives suffered because they were
  caught between settlers nomadic groups

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Hispanic North America

• Spanish colonies
• Spanish limited settlement to small towns along
  the Rio Grande in Texas
• Faced growing threats to its North American
  colonies

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• Spanish government tried to established better
  relations with the Comanche Navajo
• Efforts to secure CA in the late 1700s
• Spanish soldiers priests began building a
  network of missions presidios

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• Converted Natives to Christianity
• Became centers of trade
• Helped by Natives
• Treated harshly

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Effects of Mexican Independence

• Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821
• Wanted self government
• Treaty of Cordoba August 24, 1821
• CA, NM, TX benefited from greater democracy

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• Policies didnt always benefit the territories
• US had strong economic ties with New Mexico
  California

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Texas fights for Independence

• Stephen Austin received permission from the
  Mexican government to fund a colony for hundreds
  of families east Texas
• By 1825 1,800 people moved there

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• Found fertile land for growing cotton
• Mexican policy promised cheap land, protection of
  the Mexican government a multiyear tax break if
  they settled in Mexico

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• 1830 Americans outnumbered the Mexicans
• Government worried that they were losing Texas
  through immigration
• Passed a law prohibiting further American
  settlement outlawed the importation of slaves

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• By 1835 30,000 Americans lived in Texas
• Demanded more political control
• 1833- Gen. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna took power
  in Mexico (made himself dictator)
• More demand for self government

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• October 1835 start of the War for Independence
• Sam Houston was named Commander in Chief
• Santa Anna led an army to put down the rebels

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• Battle of the Alamo
• Less than 200 Texans prepared to resist Santa
  Anna
• Lasted 13 days
• Texans inflicted heavy casualties on 4,000
  Mexicans

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• Morning March 6th, Mexican soldiers forced their
  way inside
• Ordered to take no prisoners
• 180 Texans dead
• March 2, 1836 Rebels declared TX independent

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• By the end of the month, seemed it was going to
  fall
• Santa Anna divided his force to finish off the
  rebels
• April 21st the rebels surprised Santa Anna
• Rally cries of Remember the Alamo

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• Captured Santa Anna
• Forced him to sign the Treaty of Velasco
  recognized the republic of Texas
• Later renounced the Treaty but didnt try to
  retake Texas
• Elected Sam Houston President