Classification of Organisms - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation

Title:

Classification of Organisms

Description:

Classification of Organisms Check Yourself! What was the contribution of Linnaeus to taxonomy? GROUPED RELATED ORGANISMS CREATED BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE Check ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:146

Avg rating:3.0/5.0

Slides: 40

Provided by: Susan777

Category:

more less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Classification of Organisms

1
Classification of Organisms
2
Fill It In

Write a definition for the word classify.

3
Isnt every living thing either a plant or an
animal?

Aristotle is credited with the first true
classification system.
He grouped all living things into two basic
groups plant and animal

OR
4
Carlos Linnaeus

Linnaeus further classified plants and animals by
dividing them into related groups.
He used the Latin language, because Latin was no
longer spoken conversationally and thus was less
likely to change.

5
Carlos Linnaeus

He first grouped related organisms.
He called this a genus.
For example, all of the dog-like creatures were
grouped as the genus Canis.

6
Carlos Linnaeus

He next gave every different type of organism in
the group a specific name, which he called
species.
For example, the dog became Canis familiaris and
the wolf Canis lupus.
Notice the genus is capitalized but the specie
begins with a lower case letter.
Both are italicized or underlined.

7
Carlos Linnaeus

Every organism was given a two-word name, the
genus and specie.
This practice of binomial nomenclature continues
today, giving each organism a scientific name.

Loxosceles reclusa (Brown Recluse)
8
Carlos Linnaeus

The benefit of binomial nomenclature includes
eliminating confusion due to common names (ex.
cottonmouth and water moccasin are actually the
same animal) and allows scientists around the
world to more easily communicate.

9
Microbes?

Even after the microbial world was discovered,
the two kingdom system continued.
(Yes, science can be very slow to change.)

plant or animal?
10
Whittaker

As knowledge of the diversity of organisms
increased, Whittaker (in 1969) expanded
classification to include five kingdoms.

11
Taxonomy

The science of classification, taxonomy, now
allowed scientists to assign seven levels of taxa
to living organisms.

12
Fill It In

MEMORY AID!
K-
P-
C-
O-
F-
G-
S-

13
Taxonomy

The kingdom is the most general of these seven
taxa, thus the kingdom would contain the greatest
number of organisms.

14
Taxonomy

Specie is the most specific of these seven taxa,
thus the specie would contain only one type of
organism.
A specie is defined as a group of organisms which
can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.

15
Fill It In

How are the terms kingdoms and taxa related?

16
Taxonomy

Today, we use three domains, which are divided
into six kingdoms.
These domains are based on new information about
possible evolutionary relationships.

17
Fill It In

Draw a picture for each of the six kingdoms and
label with the kingdom name

18
(No Transcript)
19
Fill It In

The History of Classification
Linnaeus had ____ kingdoms
Whittaker used ____ kingdoms
Today we use ____ kingdoms

20
Lets Play

Which level is the most general? The most
specific?
At what taxonomic level do the dog and human
become different?
What is the family name of the dog?
Which organism is most closely related to the
dog?
What is the scientific name of the dog?
A genus is composed of a number of related ___?
A group of related phyla are called a ___?
Which taxon contains the largest number or
organisms?

21
What happens when you find an unknown organism?

Dichotomous keys are tools that use a series of
paired statements and visible characteristics of
the organism.
Of course, a dichotomous key is only useful if
the organism has already been classified and
given a scientific name.

22
What happens when you find an unknown organism?

Always start at statement 1 (or the beginning
point).
Decide which path best describes the organism
(Statement A or Statement B)
Follow that path to find the next choice (Go to
)
When you can go no further, you will find the
name!

23
Fill It In

Answers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

24
What happens when you find an unknown organism?

If the organism has NOT been classified,
taxonomists must begin the process of
classification.
In order to correctly classify an organism,
scientists use many modern tools

25
What happens when you find an unknown organism?

1. Morphology describes the physical
characteristics of an organism.
Typically, this is enough information to place
the organism within a domain and kingdom.
Example Presence of a nucleus places the
organism in Domain Eukarya

26
Fill It In

WORD HELP!
Morph means ___________
ology means ___________

27
What happens when you find an unknown organism?

2. DNA and biochemical analysis allow scientists
to test less visible, but distinguishing,
characteristics.
Example Gram staining a bacteria cell allows
scientists to distinguish between archaea and
prokarya.

28
What happens when you find an unknown organism?

3. Comparing embryology allows scientists to
group organisms that share common fetal
development
Example the diagram below would suggest the last
two organisms are most closely related.

29
What happens when you find an unknown organism?

4. Evolutionary phylogeny describes the
evolutionary relationships between organisms.
These relationships are deduced based on shared
traits that may have been passed from ancestor to
new species.
Traits may include physical traits (ex. presence
of jaws), or may be genetic traits (shared
genes).
These relationships can be illustrated in a
phylogenetic tree or cladogram

30
Fill It In