Your Initials

1
The Red Scare (1919-1920)
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Pg. 720-721
2
ID Fear of red Russia after Bolshevik
Revolution colors American thoughts Results in
nationwide crusade against left-wingers whose
Americanism was suspect

• Significance
• Anti-red statues passes
• Unlawful to advocate violence to secure social
  change
• Leads to deportation of 249 alleged radicals to
  Russia
• 5 elected members of NY legislature were denied
  seats because they were socialists
• Used by conservative businessmen to break unions

3

• Mitchell Palmer
• The Palmer Raids

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Pg. 720-721
4
ID Palmer was Attorney General who goes after
communists known as the fighting Quaker

• Significance
• Easily saw red
• Had a bomb go off in his home
• Rounds up more than 6,000 suspected communists

5
Sacco and Venzetti
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Pg. 721
6
ID Italian Immigrants charged with the murder of
a Mass. Paymaster

• Significance
• Reflective of anti-foreignism
• Seen as judicial lynching
• Convicted and sentenced to death
• Questions about judges and jurors being biased
  against them because they were immigrants,
  atheists, anarchists and draft dodgers
• Liberals and radicals around the world rally to
  their defense
• Evidence damaging, but maybe not enough for death
  penalty
• Put to death in 1927

7
Reemergence of KKK
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Pg. 722
8
ID New KKK spawned by postwar reaction
mushroomed in the early 1920s

• Significance
• New KKK manifestation of the intolerance and
  prejudice plaguing people anxious about the
  dizzying pace of social change
• It was against
• Foreigners, Catholics, Blacks, Jews, Pacifist,
  Communist, Internationalists, Revolutionists,
  Bootleggers, Gamblers, Adultery, and Birth
  control
• It was pro
• Anglo-Saxon, Native Americans and Protestant
• Up to 5 Million dues-paying members and potent
  influence
• Strong in Midwest and Bible Belt South
• Methods and strength lead to decent people
  standing to their reign of terror
• Investigated by Congress for embezzling by
  leaders
• Was a pyramid scheme

9
Immigration Quotas
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Pg. 723 - 724
10
ID The one hundred percent Americans recoiling
at the sight of the 800,000 new immigrants coming
to the U.S. after WWI Congress steps in in 1921
then in 1924

• Significance
• Emergency Quota Act of 1921
• Limits newcomers to 3 of 1910 population
• Favorable to Eastern and Southern Europeans
• Immigration Act of 1924
• Limits newcomers to 2 of 1890 population
• Favorable to Northern Europeans
• Denounced as discriminatory by Southern Europeans
• No Japanese immigration
• Canadians and Latin Americans exempt
• Purpose to freeze Americas existing racial
  composition
• Pivotal departure in American policy
• Marks end of unrestricted immigration to the U.S.

11
Prohibition Problems, Evasion and positives
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Pg. 725 728
12
ID 18th Amendment bans alcohol

• Significance
• Movement led by women reformers
• Popular in the West and South
• Represented attack on all vices in the wild
  west
• Naïve in the extreme
• Problems
• Enough people are against it
• Enforcement
• Hard to make illegal what was legal and popular
• Not enough agents
• Evasion
• Speakeasies
• Caribbean rumrunners and bootleggers from Canada
• Home brew and bathtub Gin
• Positives
• Bank savings increased
• Absenteeism in industry decreased

13
Golden Age of Gangsterism
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Pg. 729-730
14
ID Prohibition sparks increase in gang activity
to control alcohol market

• Significance
• Lush alcohol profits led to bribery of police
• Violent wars broke out in big cities between
  rival gangs
• Chicago is best example of lawlessness
• Al Capone
• Architect of St. Valentines Day Massacre in 1929
• Convicted of tax evasion
• Move into other businesses
• Gambling, drugs, prostitution, protection
• Organized crime becomes big business raking in
  12 to 18 Billion
• More than government took in taxes

15
Gains in Education
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Pg. 730
16
ID States requiring students to stay in school
until 16 or 18 results in more educated population

• Significance
• High School graduation rates double
• 1 in 4
• John Dewey
• Set forth principle of learning by doing
• Believed workbench as essential as the blackboard
• education for life should be goal of teachers
• Public-health campaigns gain traction
• Life expectancy improves

17
Scopes Monkey Trial (reasons, players, verdict
outcomes) 1925
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Pg. 730-732
18
ID Fundamentalist Christians believed that
teaching evolution was destroying faith in God
and the Bible and contributing to moral breakdown
of youth Tennessee and other states pass
anti-Darwin laws John T. Scopes teaching
evolution and is indicted for teaching evolution
in 1925

• Significance
• Players
• Scopes Teacher
• Clarence Darrow Brilliant defense attorney for
  Scopes
• William Jennings Bryan joins prosecution
• Verdict
• Scopes found guilty and fined 100
• Outcomes
• Fundamentalists win hollow victory
• Forces Christians to reconcile revelation of
  faith with science

19
Creation of Mass consumption economy
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Pg. 732 - 733
20
ID Economy in recession in 1920-1921 but comes
roaring back for the next 7 years and
fundamentally changes the economy

• Significance
• New machines, powered by electricity, increase
  labor production
• Beginning of advertising
• New problem for business could they find people
  to buy their products
• Advertising is born
• Possess today and pay tomorrow
• Borrowing and installment plans help consumers
  buy new products
• Refrigerators, vacuums, cars, radios
• Sports become big business
• Babe Ruth and Jack Dempsey draw large crowds

21
Henry Ford and perfection of assembly line
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Pg. 733-734
22
ID Ford expands on the efficiency techniques of
Frederick W. Taylors Scientific management

• Significance
• Dedicated himself to the gospel of
  standardization
• You can have his car in any color as long as it
  was black
• Ford develops the Model T (aka Tin Lizzie)
• Cheap, reliable
• Drives down costs to the point where average
  worker could afford one

23
Impact of automobiles on country
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Pg. 734-735
24
ID Impact of the self-propelled carriage on
various aspects of American life was tremendous.

• Significance
• Emergence of huge industry
• Creates thousands of new jobs
• Spawns new or expansion of industries
• Oil, Glass, rubber, fabrics, highway
  construction, garages, gas stations
• Competition for railroads
• Acceleration of markets
• Produce moved into cities at reasonable prices
• Benefits farmers
• Changes from luxury item to necessity
• Becomes badge of freedom and equality
• Spreading out of suburbs
• Buses allow for consolidation of schools and
  churches
• Traffic deaths

25
Charles Lindbergh
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Pg. 736-737
26
ID First man to fly solo west to east across the
Atlantic Ocean from New York to Paris in 1927 on
his plane the Sprit of St. Louis

• Significance
• Trip took 33h 39m
• Boost aviation industry
• Revered as national hero
• Lucky Lindy gets ticker tape parade down
  Broadway
• Country horrified by kidnapping of son in 1932

27
Impact of Airplanes
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Pg. 737
28
ID Another new industry with tremendous impact
on America

• Significance
• Provides another outlet for Americans
• Another opportunity for entrepreneurs
• Big business develops
• Further cut into railroad business
• By 1930s and 1940s airlines safer than cars
• Shrinks globe
• New weapon of war

29
Impact of Radio
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30
ID Guglielmo Marconi invents wireless telegraphy
in 1890 and many minds create voice carrying radio

• Significance
• KDKA broadcasts first program in 1920 (News of
  Hardings election)
• Creation of commercial networks
• Early radio only local, but with stronger signals
  national networks dominate
• Knits nation together
• People gather round the radio for popular
  programs and sport events
• Popular shows like Amos n Andy
• Educationally and culturally radio makes
  significant contribution
• Politicians adjust speaking techniques
  importance of newscasters and music of famous
  artists and orchestras beamed into homes

31
Development of movie industry
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Pg. 738
32
ID Edison and others working with moving
picture shows as early as 1890 takes off with
first real movie The Great Train Robbery in 1903

• Significance
• Featured in Nickelodeons (five cent theaters)
• 1915 First full-length feature Birth of a
  Nation
• Glorified KKK of Reconstruction era
• Hollywood in Southern California becomes center
  of industry
• Early films force producers to enforce rigorous
  code of censorship
• Film used as successful propaganda during World
  War I
• 1927 First talkie The Jazz Singer
• Quickly becomes popular and eclipses all other
  forms of amusement
• Standardization of culture, particularly among
  immigrant groups

33
Liberation of Women
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34
ID Women continue to exert their growing
independence after World War I

• Significance
• 19th Amendment gives Women the right to vote
• Women continue to find opportunities in the
  workpalce
• Often in womens work retail clerks, office
  typing
• Organized birth control movement
• Margaret Sanger
• Alice Paul pushes for Equal Rights Amendment

35
Flappers
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36
ID Symbol of liberated women of the 1920s

• Significance
• High hemlines and short haircuts
• Danced crazy dances like the Charleston
• Kissed boys

37
Birth of Jazz
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38
ID Jazz moves up from New Orleans along with
migrating blacks during World War I

• Significance
• Combination of different forms of music
• Blues, Gospel, Ragtime, Minstrel shows
• True American Art Form

39
Harlem Renaissance
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Pg. 741 Infoplease.com
40
ID Harlem section of New York City one of the
largest black populations in the world with over
100,000 residents spark a new racial pride in
culture and produces vibrant contributions to arts

• Significance
• Political Activist Marcus Garvey
• United Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) to
  promote resettlement of American blacks back to
  African homeland
• Literary Roots
• The orig. manuscript of Hughes's Ballad of Booker
  T.Black-owned magazines and newspapers
  flourished, freeing African Americans from the
  constricting influences of mainstream white
  society.
• Charles S. Johnson's Opportunity magazine became
  the leading voice of black culture, and W.E.B.
  DuBois's journal, The Crisis, launched the
  literary careers of such writers as Arna
  Bontemps, Langston Hughes, and Countee Cullen.
• Other luminaries of the period included writers
  Zora Neale Hurston, Claude McKay, Jean Toomer,
  Rudolf Fisher, Wallace Thurman, and Nella Larsen.
  
• The movement was in part given definition by two
  anthologies James Weldon Johnson's The Book of
  American Negro Poetry and Alain Locke's The New
  Negro.

41
Literary contributions Authors and themes
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42
ID Decade after WWI, a new generation of writers
burst on the scene, many with different regional
and ethnic backgrounds exhibited energy of
youth, ambition of youthful outsiders bestowed
on American literature a new vitality,
imaginativeness and artistic quality

• Significance
• H.L. Mencken patron saint of many young authors
  and attacked traditional values and standards
• F. Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby
• Commentary on the self made man and role of
  society
• Earnest Hemingway
• Wrote honestly about war in The Sun Also Rises
  and A Farewell to Arms
• William Faulkner
• Fictional chronicle of an imaginary, Deep-south
  county
• Poets
• Ezra Pound influenced Eliot
• T.S. Eliot The Waste Land one of most
  influential poems of the century
• Robert Frost Writes about New England
• e.e. cummings use unorthodox methods to produce
  startling poetical effecte
• Eugene ONeill Prodigious playwright
• Frank Lloyd Wright Architect

43
Economic signs of a crash
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Pg. 744
44
ID While the 20s are roaring along, there are
underpinnings of a weak economy

• Significance
• Hundreds of bank failed annually
• Real estate speculation
• Buying stock on margin
• Budget deficits
• Little oversight

45
Buying Stock on Margin
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46
ID Borrowing money to buy stocks

• Significance
• If stock goes up you pay back borrowed money and
  keep profits
• If stock goes down you need to pay for the
  borrowed amount
• Allows for more participation in the stock market
• Many looking for hot tips to get rich quick
  (think the gold rush)
• No real government oversight of industry