The Properties of Minerals

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The Properties of Minerals

• Kool!

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The Properties of Minerals

• We have to start somewhere.
• Atom
• Comes from the Greek word atomos meaning
  indivisible
• The smallest component of an element having the
  chemical properties of the element.

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The Properties of Minerals

• Groups of atoms form molecules.
• The simplest unit of a chemical substance.
• A group of two or more atoms

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The Properties of Minerals

• An atom consists of an electron(e-) cloud that
  surrounds a dense nucleus.
• The nucleus contains positively charged
  protons(P) and electrically neutral neutrons.
  (N)
• The cloud is made up of negatively charged
  electrons.

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The Properties of Minerals

• Element
• A simple substance that can not be broken down
  into simpler substances by ordinary chemical
  means.

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The Properties of Minerals

• Compound
• A substance made of two or more elements that are
  chemically combined.

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The Three States of Matter

• Solid
• Particles are fixed in position but still vibrate
• A solid is poorly compressed and changes volume
  only slightly.
• Particles can not move past each other.

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The Three States of Matter

• Liquid
• Particles will flow and take the shape of any
  container.
• A liquid is poorly compressed and changes volume
  only slightly.
• Particles are free to move around each other.

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The Three States of Matter

• Gas
• Particles will flow and take the shape of any
  container.
• Volume of a gas is dependent of the size of the
  contained and is easily compressed.
• Particles are free to move around each other.

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Chemical Symbols

• Chemical Symbol
• The shorthand way of writing the name of an
  element.

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Chemical Symbols
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Chemical Formulas

• Chemical Formulas
• Formula that shows the elements that make up a
  compound

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Chemical Formulas

• Subscript
• Number in a chemical formula that shows how many
  of each atom are in one molecule of a compound.

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Chemical Formulas

• Lets look at

H2O2
Hydrogen peroxide
In the above chemical formula, the 2 after the H
and the O indicate That there are 2 atoms of
Hydrogen and 2 atoms of Oxygen in each Molecule
of Hydrogen peroxide.
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Chemical Formulas
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Minerals

• Minerals
• Naturally occurring inorganic solid from elements
  or compounds.

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The Crust of the Earth

• About 75 of the Earths crust is made up of the
  elements oxygen and silicon.
• When oxygen and silicon combine they form silica
• Sand is mostly silica in the form of quartz.

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The Crust of the Earth

• Chemical formula
• Silica (silicon dioxide, SiO2)

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The Crust of the Earth
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p13_earth/crust_composition.gif