WESTWARD EXPANSION

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WESTWARD EXPANSION
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MANIFEST DESTINY

• 1840s expansion of the west exploded. Felt
  moving westward was predestined by God
• Reasons abundance of land, new markets, new
  opportunities, spread Christianity
• "(It is) ..our manifest destiny to over spread
  and to possess the whole of the continent which
  Providence has given us for the development of
  the great experiment of liberty" In 1845 these
  words were written by John O'Sullivan, a democrat
  leader and editor newspaper

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TEXAS INDEPENDENCE

• 1835- Texans claimed independence from Mexico -
  war
• -Remember the ALAMO(1836) The Mexican army killed
  all 187 US defenders
• Then Sam Houston and his rebels attacked a
  Mexican army and cried Remember the Alamo which
  ended the war and Texas gained independence

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WAR WITH MEXICO

• 1845 Texas entered the Union
• Pres. Polk wanted all the land to the Rio Grande
  
• Tried peace talks Mexico refused
• Called for War
• Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
• -Mexico agreed to border at the Rio Grande
  plus US gained NM and CA The US paid Mexico 15
  million for the land.

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CA gold rush

• 1848- Gold found
• Forty -niners
• CA population rose from 400 (1848) to 44,000
  (1850) to 100,000(1859)
• Revolutionized Californias economy

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Compromise of 1850

• California would become a free state
• New Mexico gets Texas Territory
• D.C. gets rid of slave state
• South gets
• New Mexico and Utah get popular soverienty
  (opportunity to choose whether they will be a
  free or slave state)
• Texas will receive 10,000,000 for the land they
  lose to Mexico
• Tougher Fugitive Slave Laws (Runaway slaves)

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Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854 (Stephen Douglas)

• Kansas would be a slave Nebraska would be a
  free state
• Totally wrecked the Missouri compromise because
  Kansas was above the 36 30 line.
• Technically it would be decided by popular
  soveirenty (the right to choose)

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Bleeding Kansas

• Slavery in Kansas
• People were angry because Kansas was above the 36
  30 line.
• 1856 U.S. Senate
• Mass senator Charles Sumner Made an ugly speech
  about the south
• A South Carolina Senator Preston Brooks gets up
  and strikes sumner with a cane.

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Sumner vs. Brooks Cont.

• Brooks resigns his seat, but was rejected by his
  people as they voted him back in.
• Sumner had to leave for treatment in Europe. Was
  badly injured from the beating.
• The Kansas problem spilled over into the Senate.

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Dred Scott Decision

• Dred Scot was a slave who went to the federal
  court to argue that if a slave is taken into a
  northern state then that slave should be free.
• March 6, 1857
• Ruled that slaves cant go to federal court
• Slaves are property and can be taken anywhere
• Chief Justice Roger Taney
• Said Congress cant ban Slavery.

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REFORMING AMERICA SOCIETY

• Second Great Awakening
• 1790s to 1830s a Christian movement that focus
  on revivals

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SLAVERY AND ABOLITION

• ABOLITION- the movement to free African Americans
  from slavery

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William Lloyd Garrison

• White abolitionist called for immediate freedom
  of slaves
• In the very first issue of his anti-slavery
  newspaper, the Liberator, William Lloyd Garrison
  stated, "I do not wish to think, or speak, or
  write, with moderation. . . . I am in earnest --
  I will not equivocate -- I will not excuse -- I
  will not retreat a single inch -- AND I WILL BE
  HEARD

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FREDERICK DOUGLASSThe most prominent black
abolitionist

• Escaped from bondage in 1831 at age 21
• Gifted orator, editor, writer
• Critic of slavery through His newspaper, The
  North Star
• Looked at politics to change slavery

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Turners REBELLION

• Slaves rebelled against their conditions led by
  Nat Turner, a VA slave in August 1831
• Turner and 50 others attacked 4 plantations and
  killed around 60
• Eventually Turner and followers were captured and
  killed
• Importance- scared slaveholders and encouraged
  the abolitionist movement

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Womens REFORM

• Women played important roles in reform
• Abolitionists
• Temperance
• (effort to prohibit alcohol)
• Education
• Health Care

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Womens rights emerge

• Seneca Falls womens conference calling for the
  right to vote
• Sojourner Truth abolitionist, sought equal
  rights for women and African Americans

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UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

• Secret network of people who would help slaves to
  freedom
• Harriet Tubman helped over 300 slaves to freedom

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READING NOTES

• COMPLETE THE READING NOTES AND MAP USING THE
  COPIED TEXT