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Color the nitrogen family with color 7 Nitrogen Family Elements in group 15 OXYGEN FAMILY or Chalcogens Group 16 O, S, Se, Te, Po Gas (O) ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Add this to your notes!


1
Add this to your notes!
Atomic Number Symbol Name Atomic Mass
2
How do you find the of protons, electrons and
neutrons using the periodic table?
  • Atomic Number of Protons
  • Atomic Number of Electrons
  • of Neutrons Atomic Mass Atomic Number

3
Bohr Diagrams
  • A 2-dimensional display of an atom.
  • NOT perfect by any means remember atoms are 3D
    and electrons do not move in orbits
  • Each circle represents an energy level.
  • The energy of the electrons increases as they get
    farther from the nucleus.
  • Level 1 up to 2 electrons
  • Level 2 up to 8 total electrons
  • Level 3 up to 18 total electrons
  • Level 4 up to 32 total electrons
  • Levels 2, 3 and 4 have sublevels the electrons
    would not be found in 1 zone but rather multiple
    zones.

4
  • You need 11 different colors

5
Families on the Periodic Table
  • Elements on the periodic table can be grouped
    into families bases on their chemical properties.
  • Each family has a specific name to differentiate
    it from the other families in the periodic table.
  • Elements in each family
  • react differently with
  • other elements.
  • The horizontal rows are
  • called periods and are
  • labeled from 1 to 7.
  • The vertical columns are called groups or
    families and are labeled from 1 to 18.

6
Hydrogen
  • Hydrogen belongs to a family of its own.
  • Hydrogen is a diatomic, reactive gas.
  • Diatomic always found as a 2-atom molecule
  • Reactive has a tendency to react chemically
  • Hydrogen was involved in the explosion of the
    Hindenberg.
  • Hydrogen is promising as an alternative fuel
    source for automobiles
  • color hydrogen color 1

7
ALKALI METALS
  • Group 1
  • Hydrogen is not a member, it is a non-metal
  • Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
  • All solids
  • 1 electron in the outer shell
  • All metals
  • Always combined with something else in nature
    Very reactive, esp. with water
  • (ex. Salt)
  • Soft (can cut with butter knife) and silvery
    metals
  • Conduct electricity
  • Color the rest of this group color 2

8
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
  • Group 2
  • Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
  • All solids
  • 2 electrons in the outer shell
  • All metals
  • Reactive, but less than Alkali metals
  • Facts
  • White and malleable
  • Malleable able to be hammered or pressed out of
    shape without breaking.
  • Conduct electricity
  • Always combine with nonmetals in nature
  • Important nutrients for humans (Mg, Ca)
  • Color the Alkaline Earth Metals color 3

9
TRANSITION METALS
  • Groups 3-12
  • Mostly Solids, 1 liquid (Hg)
  • 1 or 2 valence electrons
  • All metals, tend to be harder
  • Less reactive.
  • These are what you think of as metals.
  • Good conductors of heat and electricity.
  • Some are used for jewelry.
  • Some are used in construction.
  • Can bond with many elements in a variety of
    shapes.
  • Color Transition Metals color 4

10
Transition Metals
11
BORON FAMILY
  • Group 13
  • B, Al, Ga, In, Tl
  • All solids
  • 3 electrons in the outer shell
  • Most are metals
  • Boron is a metalloid
  • Metalloid has properties of both metals and
    nonmetals
  • Moderately reactive
  • Includes Aluminum, the most abundant metal on
    Earth.
  • Color Boron Family color 5

12
CARBON FAMILY
  • Group 14
  • C, Si, Ge, Sn (Tin), Pb (Lead)
  • All solids
  • 4 electrons in the outer shell
  • Contains metals, metalloids, and a non-metal
    Carbon (C)
  • Non-reactive.
  • Facts
  • Contains elements important to life and
    computers.
  • Carbon is the basis for an entire branch of
    chemistry.
  • Silicon and Germanium are important
    semiconductors.
  • Color Carbon Family with color 6

13
NITROGEN FAMILY
  • Group 15
  • N, P, As, Sb, Bi
  • Solids except for N (gas)
  • 5 electrons in the outer shell
  • Contains 1 metal, 2 metalloids, and 2 non-metals
  • Generally non-reactive
  • Facts
  • Can share electrons to form compounds, called
    covalent bonds.
  • Nitrogen makes up over ¾ of the atmosphere.
  • The red stuff on the tip of matches is
    phosphorus.
  • Color the nitrogen family with color 7

14
Nitrogen Family
  • Elements in group 15

15
OXYGEN FAMILY or Chalcogens
  • Group 16
  • O, S, Se, Te, Po
  • Gas (O) and Solids
  • 6 electrons in the outer shell
  • Contains metals, metalloids, and non-metals
  • Reactive
  • Facts
  • Oxygen is necessary for respiration.
  • Many things that stink, contain sulfur (rotten
    eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)
  • Color the Oxygen family with color 8

16
Oxygen Family or Chalcogens
  • Many things that stink, contain sulfur (rotten
    eggs, garlic, skunks,etc.)

17
Halogens
  • Group 17
  • F, Cl, Br, I, At
  • Solids (I, At), Liquids (Br), Gases (O, Cl)
  • 7 electrons in the outer shell
  • All are non-metals
  • Very reactive, volatile, diatomic, nonmetals
  • Facts
  • Always found combined with other element in
    nature. Often bonded with elements from group 1.
  • Used as disinfectants and to strengthen teeth.
  • Color the Halogen group with color 9

18
Noble Gases
  • Group 18
  • He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn
  • All gases
  • Non-metals
  • 8 electrons in the outer shell Full EXCEPT
    Helium (has 2 electrons in outer shell but is
    considered full)
  • NOT reactive with other elements
  • Color the noble gases with color 10

19
Metal/ Nonmetal/Metalloid
  • Choose 3 markers of different colors.
  • Outline the following elements in color 1
  • The elements to the LEFT of the line are
    metalloids. Outline the metalloids in 1 dark
    color other than black. Include Ge and Sb in the
    outline.
  • The elements to the Right of the zigzag are
    nonmetals. Outline those in another dark color.
  • The metals to the left of the metaloids are all
    metals. Outline those in a 3rd dark color.
  • Make a key on the bottom of your table for
    metals, nonmetals and metalloids.

20
Metal/ Nonmetal/Metalloid
  • Choose 3 markers of different colors.
  • Outline the following elements in color 1
  • The elements to the LEFT of the line are
    metalloids. Outline the metalloids in 1 dark
    color other than black. Include Ge and Sb in the
    outline.
  • The elements to the Right of the zigzag are
    nonmetals. Outline those in another dark color.
  • The metals to the left of the metaloids are all
    metals. Outline those in a 3rd dark color.
  • Make a key on the bottom of your table for
    metals, nonmetals and metalloids.

21
Metals, Metalloids, Non-Metals
  • METALS
  • Luster (Shiny)
  • Good conductor of heat
  • Good conductor of electricity
  • Malleable (can be bent and shaped)
  • Ductile (can be drawn into wire)
  • Corrosive (tendency to deteriorates under certain
    chemical conditions. ie rusting iron, pennies
    turning green).
  • Usually dense
  • Usually solid
  • Have high melting points
  • Generally Reactive
  • Left side of periodic table.

22
Metals, Metalloids, Non-Metals
  • METALLOIDS
  • Dull or Shiny
  • Good semiconductors (that means conducts heat or
    electricity under certain conditions)
  • Sometimes malleable
  • Sometimes ductile
  • Generally solid at room temperature (but found as
    all three states of matter.)
  • Makes the zigzag on the periodic table.

23
Metals, Metalloids, Non-Metals
  • NON-METALS
  • Dull appearance
  • Brittle (breaks or shatter easily)
  • Poor conductors of heat.
  • Poor conductors of electricity.
  • Less dense
  • Low melting points
  • All three states of matter
  • Gain or share electrons when they react with
    other element.
  • Right side of periodic table.

24
Periodic Table Scavenger HuntYou need a piece of
paper for this
  1. I have 26 protons and am a transition metal.
  2. Im the only Metalloid in the oxygen family.
  3. I am the only metal that is a liquid.
  4. I am in period 4 and have 8 valence electrons.
  5. I am in group 2 and have 56 protons.
  6. I am a nonmetal with 4 valence electrons.
  7. Im a metalloid with 14 neutrons in group 14.
  8. I am the nonmetal next to the metalloid in group
    16.
  9. I am the Noble Gas with the least protons.
  10. I am the only nonmetal in period 6.

25
Periodic Table Scavenger Hunt
  1. I have 26 protons and am a transition metal.
    -Iron (Fe)
  2. Im the only Metalloid in the oxygen family. -Te
    (Tellurium)
  3. I am the only metal that is a liquid. - Hg
    (Mercury)
  4. I am in period 4 and have 8 valence electrons. -
    Kr Krypton
  5. I am in group 2 and have 56 protons. - Ba Barium
  6. I am a nonmetal with 4 valence electrons. C
    (carbon)
  7. Im a metalloid with 14 neutrons in group 14.
    Si (Silicon)
  8. I am the nonmetal next to the metalloid in group
    16. I (Iodine)
  9. I am the Noble Gas with the least protons. He
    (Helium)
  10. I am the only nonmetal in period 6. Rn (Radon)
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