DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSMISSION

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DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION
NETWORKS VANDALISM

• PRESENTATION
• BY
• DR C. E. IFESIE
• HEAD TRANSMISSION
• TRANSMISSION COMPANY OF NIGERIA

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DEFINITION

• VANDALISM
• destructive action the malicious and deliberate
  defacement or destruction of somebody elses
  property
• VANDALS
• somebody who damages property somebody who
  maliciously and deliberately defaces or destroys
  somebody elses property

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TRX DISTRIBUTION INFRASTRUCTURE

• SUBSTATIONS
• POWER/DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS
• EARTHING/GROUNDING MAT
• FEEDER PILLARS
• TRANSMISSION DISTRIBUTION LINES
• TOWERS/PYLONS
• CONDUCTOR
• COUNTERPOISE CABLE
• EARTH WIRE
• INSULATORS
• COMMUNICATIONS
• OPTICAL GROUND WIRES
• REPEATER STATIONS
• METERS

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VANDALISM(SUBSTATIONS)

• Power transformer insulating oil siphoned away
  whilst in service
• Silica gel removed from live transformers
• Distribution transformers stolen
• Grounding mat cut and removed
• Feeder pillars stolen
• Feeder pillar fuses removed

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VANDALISM(LINES)

• TOWERS/PYLONS CUT AND FELLED
• CONDUCTOR CUT STOLEN
• COUNTERPOISE CABLE CUT STOLEN
• EARTH WIRE CUT STOLEN
• INSULATORS REMOVED

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VANADALISM(COMMUNICATIONS)

• OPTICAL GROUND WIRES
• REPEATER STATIONS

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VANDALISM (AT CUSTOMERS PREMISES)

• METERS
• ELECTRICITY?

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WHY VANDALISM?

• ECONOMIC MASSIVE INCREASES IN METAL PRICES
• EQUIPMENT SOLD FOR CASH?
• MATERIALS RECYCLED INTO THE SYSTEM?
• CONDUCTOR SMELTED SOLD AS INGOTS?
• CONDUCTOR SMELTED AND FORMED INTO OTHER PRODUCTS?
• CONDUCTOR REWOUND FOR OTHER APPLICATIONS?
• EARTHWIRE REWOUND FOR STAYS?
• TOWER MEMBERS FOR BEDS?, SMELTED?, SCRAP MARKET?
• MISCHIEF OR GAME?
• SHOOTING AT GLASS INSULATORS
• SABOTAGE?
• IGNORANCE
• BUSH BURNING

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STATISTICS

• NEW HAVEN/OTURKPO/YANDEV 132KV LINE
• VADALIZED 36 TIMES BETWEEN FEB97 APRIL05
• COST N111,310,783 TO RESTORE
• OUTAGE LASTED FOR A TOTAL OF 152 DAYS
• VANDALIZED ON AVERAGE EVERY 2.5 MONTHS
• LINE OUT DUE TO VANDALISM FOR 5 OF PERIOD
  CONSIDERED
• FOUR STATES (EBONYI, TARABA,KOGI BENUE)
  SUFFERED THE OUTAGE
• VANDALISM OCCURRED BETWEEN 2318HRS 0300HRS
• SYSTEMWISE BETWEEN 1999 2000 COST OF
  RESTORATION OF VANDALISED TRANSMISSION LINES
  AMOUNTED TO N562,491,091.18
• TRX OPERATION MAINTENANCE EXPENSES IN 2002
  N1,280,528,000

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VANDAL ELECTROCUTED IN BAUCHI
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IMPACT OF VANDALISM

• FUNDS WASTED ON REPAIRS RATHER THAN NEW PROJECTS
• REVENUE LOSS
• OUTAGES
• EQUIPMENT DAMAGE
• SUPPLY INSECURITY
• ADVERSELY AFFECTS MAINTENANCE
• POOR SUPPLY RELIABILITY
• LOSS OF LIVES
• PROJECT DELAYS
• DIVERSION OF EFFORT RESOURCE AWAY FROM CORE
  BUSINESS
• INCREASED PROJECT COSTS
• INDIRECT COSTS
• LEGAL
• CONSEQUENTIAL
• POOR IMAGE
• LOSS OF PERISHABLES
• LOSS OF BUSINESS

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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

• ANTI-VANDAL BOLTS FOR TOWERS
• DEPLOYMENT OF TUBULAR PYLONS
• BLOCWALL FENCING OF SUBSTATIONS
• EMBOSSING/BRANDING OF MATERIALS
• USE OF SPECIAL CONDUCTORS
• USE OF STEEL EARTHING MATERIALS
• POLYMER INSULATORS
• HV DISTRIBUTION NETWORK
• CONTRACT
• EPC CONTRACT MATERIALS SOURCED FROM MANUFACTURERS
  ONLY

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OPERATIONAL CONSIDERATIONS

• ACTIONS IN TIME REGIME OF SUSPECT TRIPS
• INCREASED PATROL OF TRANSMISSION LINES
• DEPLOYMENT OF SECURITY AGENTS IN LINE PATROLS
• COOPERATION INFORMATION EXCHANGE WITH THE
  POLICE
• INCREASED COMMITMENT IN PROSECUTING CULPRITS
• LEGISLATION ON SECONDARY METAL MARKETS

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OTHER PREVENTIVE SCHEMES

• INVOLVING COMMUNITIES TO SECURE DISTRIBUTION
  TRANSFORMERS
• DEPLOYMENT OF VIGILANTE GROUPS
• LIAISONS WITH COMMUNITY HEADS
• PUBLICATIONS MEDIA
• STREET LIGHTING

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THE FUTURE OF VANDALISM

• INCREASING COST IN METAL PRICES
• PRIVATISATION OF UTILITIES
• NEW MATERIALS
• ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
• INCREASING AUTOMATION
• CYBER ATTACKS
• MALICIOUS
• VIRUS

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THANK YOU