The Babylonian Captivity, the Great Schism, and the Hundred Years

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The Babylonian Captivity, the Great Schism, and
the Hundred Years War
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The Babylonian Captivity 1309-1376

• The Catholic Church and the monarchies of
  Europe were at odds since the 13th century
• They would fight over land, policies, and control
• Philip the Fair of France pressured Pope Clement
  V to relocate the papal residence to an area
  called Avignon (SE France) so that he could
  control the church and its policies.
• - About 70 years
• Called the Babylonian Captivity to make
  reference to the ancient Hebrews and their
  captivity in Mesopotamian Babylon

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Problems.

• Many Christians were opposed to the papacys
  distance from its roots in Rome
• Many felt the Church was too focused on policies
  and not enough on spiritual matters
• Rome became poor over the absence of the pope and
  the tourist trade
• Pope Gregory XI returned the papacy to Rome in
  1377, but died shortly after
• The Roman citizens demanded that an Italian pope
  become Gregorys successor
• This led to..

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.The Great Schism1378-1417

• The College of Cardinals felt great pressure to
  elect an Italian to be the next pope
• They elect Pope Urban VI in 1378
• Pope Urban planned to reform the Church of its
  abuses
• Brought the papal seat back to Rome
• While Urban had good intentions, he went about it
  the wrong way by threatening many people!

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More Problems

• Pope Urbans actions brought about disaster as
  many French cardinals disputed his legitimacy as
  pope
• They elected Pope Clement VII, a relative of King
  Charles V of France who would live in Avignon
• There are now 2 popes, hence the Great Schism-
  or division
• Many countries threw their support for one pope
  or the other based on political motivations
• The schism weakened the faith of many Christians
  and they questioned the Church

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The Conciliar Movement

• The schism of the Catholic Church led many
  Christians to question its authority.
• Many called for reform in the Church.
• The Conciliarists believed that the pope should
  gain his political power from the people, not
  from a king (democratic thought)
• Scholars like John Wyclif Jan Hus believed that
  the Church should only be concerned with the
  Scriptures and Christian teachings

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An End to the Schism

• In 1409, the Council of Pisa, consisting of
  cardinals from both Rome and Avignon deposed the
  2 reigning popes and elected a new one
• The 2 previous popes would not step down, there
  were now 3 popes!
• The Council of Constance was then called
  (1414-1418) and all 3 popes were deposed. Martin
  V, a Roman, became pope.
• The Great Schism was over. Future popes would
  never again have the power of those before them.

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Question?

• Write a paragraph responding to the prompt below
• Explain the connections between the Babylonian
  Captivity and the Great Schism.

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The Hundred Years War1337-1453

• 1 Cause Succession to the throne of France.
  Edward III vs. Philip VI
• Edward III of Englands uncle in France died
  childless
• Edward had the right to the French throne, but
  the French nobles gave the throne to a distant
  relative, Philip VI
• Edward III and Philip VI dispute became the basis
  for the Hundred Years War
• England and France have been historic enemies

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Englands Victories

• England gained early victories
• Led by Edward III and his son, the Black Prince
• Won important battles at Crecy (1346), Poitiers
  (1356), Agincourt (1415)
• Formed an alliance with the Burgundians

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Frances Victories

• France will officially win the war in 1453
• Joan of Arc (1412-1431) emerges during this
  period
• She is given command of an army lifts the
  morale
• Believed she was chosen by God for this mission
• Dresses like a man in battle. Scandalous!
• Burned at the stake by the English in 1431 for
  being a witch

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Results of the War

• Added death and destruction (aside from what the
  Black Plague did)
• Heavy taxes led to peasant revolts
• England lost 5 million to the war
• Representative democracies emerge throughout
  Europe during this time period. The English
  Parliament grows stronger. Not in France
• Nationalism develops Feelings of unity and pride
  in your country
• The rise of intelligent thought through the
  upcoming Renaissance time period

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Edward II Edward III