The%20Middle%20Ages

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The Middle Ages
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High Middle Ages 1000 1300 A.D.

• Great Schism in 1054
• 1st Split in Christianity no longer The Church
• Roman Catholic follow Pope Leo IX
• Orthodox follow Michael Cerularius
• Start of the Crusades in 1095
• Roman Catholic church called upon to help defend
  Byzantine empire against Turks (Muslims)
• If you fight, all sins are forgiven
• Medieval Culture
• Establishment of Universities
• Feudalism
• Height of Economic Prosperity

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High Middle Ages 1000 1300 A.D.

• Discuss readings from page 235 239
• What is necessary to Succeed in business in the
  High Middle Ages?
• What is a guild? How does it help the economy of
  the High Middle Ages flourish?
• How do the economic practices from the High
  Middle Ages compare to those of today?

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Later Middle Ages 1300-1450 A.D.

• Domino Effect
• Little Ice Age 1300 1450
• End of the Viking Colony
• Terrible crop failure
• Great Famine 1315 1322
• Crop scarcity and starvation
• Increase in price of crops therefore fewer could
  afford and more went ill
• Social Consequences
• Poverty, persecution of Jews, Crime

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The Black Death

• Mapping the Spread of the Black Death
• What areas were not affected? Why?
• How was the spread of the Black Death comparable
  to the spread of SARS or AIDS today?

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The Black Death

• To put the matter shortly, one-half, or more
  than a half, of the people at Avignon are already
  dead. Within the walls of the city there are now
  more than 7,000 houses shut up in these no one
  is living, and all who have inhabited them are
  departed On account of this great mortality
  there is such a fear of death that people do not
  dare even to speak with anyone whose relative has
  died, because it is frequently remarked that in a
  family where one dies nearly all the relations
  follow him.

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The Black Death

• Causes
• Flea ingests blood from rodents and transports
  disease to humans
• Increase in trade led to introduction into Europe
• Effects
• Swollen lymphnods and/or growth on neck, armpit
  or groin
• Black spot or blotches on skin
• Cough and spit blood
• 3 or 4 days from infestation to Death
• Spread
• Flea bite
• Pneumonic transmission
• Septicemic

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The Black Death

• The Perfect Conditions
• Filthy, overcrowded cities
• People already suffering from famine
• Terrible personal hygiene
• Care of the Sick
• Clean the air
• Religious coping
• Letting blood
• Quarantine or shutting gates to a city
• Negative impact on the economy?

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PERSIA

• Create columns for each of the following headings
  and list at least three consequences under each
  heading
• Politics
• Economy
• Religion
• Society and Culture
• Ideas and Literature
• Arts

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The Black Death Good or Bad?

• POSITIVE IMPACT

• NEGATIVE IMPACT

• Balance between labor, land, capital
• Higher standard of living due to demand for
  higher wages Golden Age for peasants
• People lived in the moment and turned to religion

• Death nearly 40 of Europe
• Inflation
• Murder of thousands of Jews
• Flagellants moving from town to town

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The Black Death 1347-1351

• Jean de Venette The Black Death pg. 282-284
• Answer questions 1-2 on page 292

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Myths and Truths of Medicine
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(No Transcript)
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Review

• Two causes of the Black Death
• Consequences?
• Impact of religion on society throughout the
  duration of the Black Death?
• Who were flagellants?

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The Hundred Years War

• Causes
• What are some commonalities between the Hundred
  Years War and military conflicts today?
• English Successes
• Who was Henry V and what was the impact of his
  life and death in the Hundred Years War?
• Joan of Arc and Frances Victory
• Why did Charles refuse to ransom Joan? Why do you
  think he called for a new trial in 1456?
• Aftermath
• Which country was in better shape economically
  and politically after the war?

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The Hundred Years War

• England vs. France 1337 1453
• Main causes
• AquitaineEnglish or French Territory?
• English King, Edward III claims French throne b/c
  his mother is Isabella
• Territory in Flanders (Belgium today) wealthy
  French cloth producing territory
• French Civil War? Why?
• Growing nationalism due to propaganda

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French and English Throne

• Philip VI 1328 1350
• John II 1350 1364 (son of Phil)
• Charles V 1364 1380 (son of Phil)
• Charles VI 1388-1422 (son of Charles V)
• Charles VII 1422 1461 (Son of Charles VI)

• Edward III 1327 1377
• Richard II 1377 1399 (Grandson to Ed III)
• Henry IV 1399 1413 (Grandson to Ed III)
• Henry V 1413-1422
• Henry VI 1422 1461 and 1470-1471

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The Hundred Years War
French English
Advantages 3 times the population Fighting on home-turf Good royal leadership Disciplined, National Army Long bow ? 2.5x farther
Disadvantages Transition from feudal society (no national army and dukes dont send troops) Borrowed heavily and deep in debt Mediocre royal leadership Troops and supplies have to cross the channel
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Phase 1 of The Hundred Years War

• English win Battle of Sluis
• Naval battle in 1340 and takes control of port of
  Calais in 1346
• Truce called in 1347 Why?
• 1360 Treaty to end fighting
• English owns Port of Calais and ends vassalage
  to France
• French pay ransom for England to renounce claim
  to French throne

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Phase 2 of The Hundred Years War

• Henry V is King of England and English win battle
  of Agincourt in 1415 due to longbow
• Burgundy join French after Agincourt but then
  Duke is assassinated in 1419 and they join
  English forces
• Treaty of Troyes in 1420 ends second phase and
  disinherits French King Charles VIs son from
  throne and gives it to Henry Vs son
• In 1422, Charles and Henry V both die and Henry
  VI becomes King of England and France as an infant

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Phase 3 of The Hundred Years War

• Story of Joan of Arc
• Break siege at Orleans in 2 weeks had been
  under siege for 16 months
• Charles VII becomes King in 1429 thanks to Joan
• Joan is captured and Charles VII does nothing to
  save her
• By 1453, French beat English back to coast and
  Burgundians are back supporting French throne

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Venn Diagram

• Compare and Contrast the consequences of the
  Hundred Years War on England and France.

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France England
Consequences Devastated French Economy Created Nation of France became more French but still split Financial loss and wool priced out of export market Strengthened military power of state Technology in weapons Parliament Masters of the sea War of the Roses York v Lancaster
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Babylonian Captivity

• Pope Boniface VIII dies and Clement V settles in
  Avignon as new pope
• Avignon Papacy reformed financial administration
  and centralized its govt focused on
  bureaucratic matters and not spiritual objectives
• Longer it remains in Avignon, more power King
  gets
• 1377 Pope Gregory XI goes back to Rome
• Urban VI becomes Pope and pushes for reform

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Great Schism

• URBAN VI AT ROME

• CLEMENT VII AT AVIGNON

• England
• German emperor
• Any enemies of France

• France
• Aragon
• Castile
• Portugal
• Scotland
• Italian City-states

Common People become confused with who is
legitimate and their view of the church is
destroyed
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Babylonian Captivity Great Schism

• Conciliarists Reform of the church could best be
  achieved through periodic assemblies, or councils
  representing all the people
• William of Occam separation
• Marsiglio of Padua church subordinate to state
• John Wycliffe p 287-288
• Scripture alone should be standard of Christian
  belief and Popes had no secular authority
• Translated Bible into English for first time
• Lollards were his followers (role of women?)

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Babylonian Captivity Great Schism

• Jan Hus
• Declared indulgences useless and denied Papal
  authority
• Council of Pisa 1409
• Elect John XXIII as pope however, 1 minor
  problem
• Council of Constance
• End the Schism Martin V (1417-1431)
• Reform the Church
• Wipe out heresy Jan Hus
• Martin dissolved the council

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GREAT SCHISM
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Babylonian Captivity Great Schism 1309-1376

• Result of the Great Schism
• Weakened spiritual mystique of the clergy
• Brethren and Sisters of the Common Life
• Take Christ as model and live simple life
• Peoples perception of their own spiritual power
  was influenced greatly

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Individuals in Society Meister Eckhart p. 359

• Why was his preaching threatening to leaders of
  the church?
• Why might mysticism have been attractive to pious
  Christians?

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Individuals in Society Meister Eckhart p. 359

• Why was his preaching threatening to leaders of
  the church?
• Emphasis on individual, egalitarian spirituality
• Any person can reach out to God through simple
  prayer
• No need for priest as intermediary to God
• Why might mysticism have been attractive to pious
  Christians?
• More spiritual, less political
• Direct route to God and avoided issues of Church

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Social Unrest

• Peasant Revolts and Urban Conflicts 358- 361
• Sex in the City 361-365
• Fur-Collar Crime, Ethnic Tensions and
  Restrictions, and Literacy and Vernacular
  Literature 366-369
• In your group, read your section and be able to
  explain it to the class

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Social Unrest Questions

• What was the Jacquerie?
• What caused the English Peasants Revolt?
• How did the marital patterns of the people impact
  life at this time?
• What was the view on same-sex marriages?

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Social Unrest Questions

• Why were nobles forced to turn to crime?
• What is legal dualism?
• What was Statute of Kilkenny?
• What is importance of Divine Comedy and
  Canterbury Tales?

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Role of Women

• Based on the textbook, the readings in Volume I
  on pages 268-275, Sources of Western Society
  pages 197-199, and Listening to the Past on page
  362, create a strong thesis answering the
  following writing prompt
• Compare and contrast the role of women in the
  middle ages to that of women today.
• Create mini-outline for how you would set your
  FRQ up (what are your arguments, what evidence)

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Listening to the Past pg 362

• How would you describe Christines view of the
  ideal artisans wife?
• The regulations of craft guilds often required
  that masters who ran workshops be married. What
  evidence does Christines advice provide for why
  guilds would have stipulated this?
• How are economic and moral virtues linked for
  Christine?

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Review Question

• Why did a division in the papacy mean both
  political chaos and spiritual fear for Europeans?