Unit 4: Political Geo Review

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Unit 4 Political Geo Review
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• Wallersteins World Systems Theory
• Core
• Semi-Periphery
• Periphery
• Brandt Line

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• Territoriality
• Landlocked states
• Forward Capital
• Government Power Organized
• Unitary, Confederate, Federal
• Political Impact on Landscape

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State Shapes
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Boundaries

• Physical / Natural Boundaries
• Cultural Boundaries
• Geometric Boundaries
• Consequent Boundaries
• Religious Boundaries
• Language Boundaries
• Subsequent Boundaries
• Antecedent Boundaries
• Superimposed Boundaries

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• Boundary definition
• determining the boundary by a treaty-like
  agreement through actual points,
  latitude/longitude, or landscape
• Boundary delimitation
• the boundary is drawn on the map
• Boundary demarcation
• the boundary is established by steel posts,
  concrete pillars, fences, etc. to mark the
  boundary on the ground

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Devolution

• Regional or Asymmetrical Federalism

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Electoral Geography

• Reapportionment
• Gerrymander

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Centripetal/Centrifugal
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Centripetal forces

• Raison d'être
• Nationalism
• Unifying institutions schools, the armed forces
  and state churches.
• Organization and administration of the
  government.
• Transportation and communication strong core
  area
• A perceived threat to a groups sense of
  identity.

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Centrifugal forces

• Forces that disrupt internal order and further
  the destruction of a country.
• Ethnic conflicts competing claims among ethnic
  groups.
• Religion
• Poorly run government and/or transportation
  systems.
• A dissident minority seeking autonomy
• Large population in frontier area
• Devolution transfer of power from the states
  central government. to separate political
  subdivisions within its territory.

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Forms of Government
Monarchies Constitutional Monarchy Traditional Monarchy Absolute Monarchy
Republics Democracy Restricted Democratic Practice Authoritarian Regime
      Totalitarian Regime
Non-Sovereign Protectorate Colonial Dependency Empire
Source Matthew White, 2003. http//users.erols.co
m/mwhite28/othergov.htm Adapted from
FreedomHouse.org
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African colonies
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Geopolitics

• Ratzel Organic State
• Haushofer lebensraum
• Mackinder Pivot Area Heartland Theory
• Alfred T. Mahan control sea lanes
• Spykman Rimland Theory

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Effect

• US equated the Heartland theory w/the USSR so
  adopted containment in reaction to the Domino
  Theory
• Creating alliances in the Rimland
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
• Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) in West Asia
• Southeast Treaty Organization (SEATO)
• Eastern Europe became a shatterbelt or shatter
  zone during the Cold War

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International Organizations

• Supranational Org
• Political/Military Org
• Economic Org
• UNCLOS

OPEC
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Trading Blocs
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What is Terrorism

• US premeditated, politically motivated violence
  perpetrated against noncombatant targets by
  subnational groups or clandestine agents
• UN intention to cause death or serious bodily
  harm to civilians or non-combatants with the
  purpose of intimidating a population or
  compelling a government or an international
  organization to do or abstain from doing any act.

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Number of Terrorism Incidents, 2000-2008
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Types of Terrorism

• Domestic acts against ones own country
  (Oklahoma City)
• International acts that transcend national
  boundaries (9/11)
• Subnational acts committed by nongovernmental
  groups (Chechnya)
• State acts committed by agents of the
  government (Syria)

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The 8 Stages of Genocide

• Understanding the genocidal process is one of the
  most important steps in preventing future
  genocides.
• Classification
• Symbolization
• Dehumanization
• Organization
• Polarization
• Preparation
• Extermination
• Denial