Our Colonial Heritage

1
Our Colonial Heritage

• The Nations Beginnings
• From Exploration to the English Colonies

2
Christopher Columbus

• Bell Ringer!
• In your opinion, was Christopher Columbus a hero
  or a villain? Explain.

3
Spain and Portugal Lead the Way

• 1492 Christopher Columbus voyage led to European
  settlement (Portugal was sailing East around
  Africa)
• Pedro Cabral lands in S. Am. claims it for
  Portugal in 1500
• Spanish Conquistadors ?
• Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
• They came for God, Gold, and Glory!
• St. Augustine, FL (Spain, 1565) oldest city in
  U.S.

4
The Columbian Exchange

• Columbus Legacy is a Mixture of Pros and Cons.
• New Animals Introduced (Horses, Cattle, Hogs,
  Sheep, etc.)
• New Foods Introduced in Europe (Corn, Potatoes,
  Tomatoes, etc.)
• Measles, Mumps, Typhus, Smallpox (Diseases) -
  Maybe 90 of Native Americans perished.
• African slavery introduced to provide labor in
  New World by Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch, and
  later the English would dominate the trade.

5
Spanish Claims in the New World
6
Other Nations Rush to Explore

• John Cabot sailed for England in 1497 claimed
  E. Canada and N.E.
• Jacques Cartier (1534-35) and Samuel de Champlain
  (1603-35) claimed land for France in NE Canada.
• 1609 Henry Hudson, looking again for a
  Northwest Passage, claimed New York for the
  Netherlands.

7
The Middle Passage

• By 1650 an estimated 300,000 African slaves were
  in the Spanish Caribbean working gold and silver
  mines and plantations.
• The Portuguese in Brazil dominated the European
  sugar trade and more than 40 of 12 million
  slaves taken from Africa were sent to S. America.
• The English largest exporters of slaves after
  1690 (1.7 million in just over 100 years) and
  only 400,000 actually wound up in the U.S.
• The Middle Passage was the middle leg of the
  Atlantic trade triangle.

8
Exit Slip Age of Exploration

1. God
2. Gold
3. Glory
4. If Columbus really didnt discover America, why
   were his voyages to the New World so important
   with regard to World History?

9
Bell Ringer Discovery of New World

• 1. What nation did Columbus sail for when he
  discovered America?
• a. Italy b. Portugal c. France d.
  Spain
• 2. Which of the following is NOT one of the 3
  Gs that drew Europeans to the New World?
• a. God b. Goods c. Glory d. Gold
• 3. Which 4 continents were impacted by the
  Columbian Exchange?
• a. N. America, S. America, Europe, Africa
• b. N. America, S. America, Europe, Asia
• 4. The _______ was the leg of the Triangle
  Trade that carried African slaves to the New
  World.
• a. Last Leg b. Middle Passage c. Deaths
  Journey

10
Jamestown, VA (1607)

• Roanoke, VA (1587) Sir Walter Raleigh failed
  English attempt at colony.
• The crown started joint-stock companies b/c it
  lacked gold needed to pay for colonies.
• Captain John Smith who founded the colony at
  Jamestown, VA in May 1607. It was the first
  permanent English settlement. He was the
  colonys first governor.

11
Jamestowns Harsh Environment

• Insect-infested Swamp

• The Chesapeake Bay

12
400th Anniversary of Jamestown

• May 13, 2007 was the colonies 400th Anniversary.
• Current archeological dig at the original site
• Dutch pottery dating back to the late 1500s

13
Then and Now

• A model of early Jamestown

• What is left today

14
Jamestown Prospers

• Tobacco (1612) was the number one export.
• After the Starving Time (Winter of 1610-11) the
  colony experienced great growth.
• It was governed by a partnership between King
  James Is appointed Royal Governor and the House
  of Burgesses (an elected legislature) because he
  thought the London Company was responsible for
  the Powhatan War of March 1622 that saw 300
  colonists killed (1/3 pop.)

The first African slaves were brought To
Jamestown in 1619 for this reason. Indentured
servants (mostly men a few women) also helped
populate the colony. John Rolfe introduced West
Indies tobacco a way to cure it for the trip
to England. Who did he marry?
15
Who is this?
16
Review Jamestown-The Big 8

1. Roanoke?
2. Joint Stock Companies? i.e. London Company?
3. Captain John Smith?
4. Powhatan?
5. The Starving Time?
6. John Rolfe?
7. House of Burgesses?
8. Royal Colony?

17
The Plymouth Colony

• Pilgrims English Separatists who left Holland
  for Virginia with permission of the London
  Company. 1/3 of 101 passengers on the Mayflower
  were Pilgrims.
• They were led by Governor William Bradford. They
  landed in Massachusetts and the London Co had no
  authority over this region. 41 drew up and
  signed the Mayflower Compact an agreement that
  they could practice self-government.

18
The Pilgrims Face Hardships

• They arrived in November 1620 and ½ died the
  first winter.
• They were aided by Pawtucket Indians (Squanto?)
  who showed them how to raise corn, beans,
  pumpkins, squash as well as by Wampanoag and
  Chief Massasoit (Thanksgiving Oct. 1621 a 3
  day feast).
• William Bradfords colony inspired another group
  that was being persecuted in England the
  Puritans. The original Pilgrims had separated
  from the Puritans in 1608. They wanted to
  purify the Church of England.

19
The Puritans Form a Self-governing Colony

• 1629 Massachusetts Bay Co. obtained a charter
  from Crown to start a colony near Plymouth that
  would be a Bible Commonwealth.
• 1630 17 ships embark on the voyage to America
  ultimately 20,000 more follow during the decade.
• John Winthrop, a London lawyer, was elected
  governor in 1630.
• The Puritans came prepared with food, equipment,
  and live stock and focused on fishing, lumbering,
  ship-building, fur trading, and farming. Harvard
  University was est. 1636.
• The Puritans were not tolerant of people with
  different religious views. This led to war with
  Native Americans in 1675 76. Chief Metacomet
  or King Phillips War.

20
13 Colonies Foldables

• New England, Middle Colonies, Southern Colonies
• Must include for each region
• Approximate population
• Name the colonies
• Who lived there? Ethnicity, religion, culture
• Geography
• Type of economy/ resources/ how did they earn ?

21
Bell Ringer Plymouth the Massachusetts Bay
Colony

• The Pilgrims, who were the first to arrive in
  Massachusetts, were separatists who broke with
  the
• a. Catholic Church. b. Anglican Church. c.
  Lutheran Church.
• In 1629, the _______, who would come to dominate
  life in New England, obtained a charter from the
  King and sailed for Massachusetts.
• a. Irish b. Huguenots c. Puritans
• What institution would come to dominate nearly
  every phase of colonial life in Massachusetts?
• a. the Puritan faith b. the legislature
  c. the slave trade
• All of the following were essential to
  Massachusetts Bays economy except
• a. ship building. b. cotton production.
• c. lumbering . d. fishing.

22
The New England Colonies

• Pilgrims Puritans in MA, CT, RI, NH
• 1635 Roger Williams, a Separatist minister, was
  banished from MA by Puritans. Founded RI after
  getting charter from King. Lecturer Anne
  Hutchinson, a heretic in MA, also left for RI.
  They helped bring religious tolerance to New
  England.
• 1636 Thomas Hooker (CT) liberal minister who
  hated Puritan restrictions on voting and left
  with his congregation. Their rules/ laws were
  called the Fundamental Orders of CT. 1662 King
  Charles II granted them a charter.
• 1622 John Mason (VT) and Ferdinando Gorges were
  granted what is now VT and ME. They divided it
  in 1629. Maine was part of MA until it became a
  state in 1820.

23
The Middle Colonies

• 1664 - NY taken from Dutch by James, Duke of
  York who was brother of King Charles II. NJ
  split off from NY b/c Duke thought NY too big to
  manage.
• 1682 -William Penn Known for religious
  tolerance. It was called the Holy Experiment
  for the Religious Society of Friends or Quakers
  b/c they quaked before power of God. They
  believed people should find truth from inner
  light of God.
• Penn founded Philadelphia made treaty of
  friendship with Native Americans b/c they
  believed all to be equal. Settled by people from
  all over Europe b/c Penn recruited.
• 1701 DE broke off from PA and became own colony
• The Duke of York and William Penn were
  proprietors they owned colony rented land if
  they agreed to recognize the Crowns control
  keep laws consistent with Englands laws

24
The Southern Colonies

• Southern Colonies Slavery was more important
  here because cash crops like tobacco, indigo, and
  rice are more labor intensive.
• 1634 - Lord Baltimore Catholic proprietor
  granted MD by Charles I as Catholic haven
  tobacco producing colony.
• 1663 - NC and SC Charles II gave charter to 8
  English nobles. They encouraged immigration
  through the headright system. 1690 rice or
  Carolina gold introduced from Madagascar
  slaves needed to grow and harvest it. NC was
  less successful as it didnt attract rich
  planters from VA, but poor frontiersmen who
  farmed.
• 1729 NC SC divided as Crown ended
  proprietorship and they became royal colonies.
• 1732 James Oglethorpe GA buffer between SC
  Spanish FL, haven for debtors, and mulberry
  trees silk worms

25
Colonial Governments

• Each had a legislature and usually it was
  bicameral. PA was only exception.
• In 8 Royal Colonies, Upper house governor
  chosen by Crown and Lower House by the People.
• Self-governing Colonies CT RI - both houses
  governor chosen by the people.
• PA, MD, DE remained Proprietary but similar to
  Royal Colonies as proprietor appointed governor.
• Judges were appointed by the King in Royal
  Colonies and elected by the people in
  Self-governing Colonies.
• Suffrage was not universal. Only white men, 21
  years of age and that owned land could vote.
• In Royal Colonies Proprietary, governor had
  veto power, but legislature levied taxes and set
  governors salary? Do you think they got along?

26
Major Influences on American Political Thought
(See Page 10)

• The Roman Republic (509 27 BC) Civic Virtue
  and the Common Good it was representative.
• English Tradition Magna Carta (1215),
  Parliament (1258), English Bill of Rights (1689),
  Common Law
• Political Philosophers John Lockes Two
  Treatises on Government (1690) - Natural Rights
  Philosophy, Separation of Powers, Social Contract
  Theory
• Judeo-Christian Roots Ten Commandments Jesus
• Colonial Heritage Suffrage, Tradition, Checks
  and Balances, Natural Rights, Jury Trial

27
Exit Slip The Colonies Overview

• What group of early colonists authored the
  Mayflower Compact?
• a. the Dutch b. the Pilgrims c. the
  Puritans
• The Republican form of government was first used
  in ancient _______.
• a. Babylon b. Greece c. Rome
• The major export of the Jamestown colony was
• a. Tobacco b. Wheat c. Cotton
• In ___________ colonies, both houses of the
  legislature were chosen by the people.
• a. royal b. self-governing c. all

28
The Colonies and Britain

• 1607-1754 Englands policy was salutary
  neglect toward the colonies.
• The traditions of limited monarchy and
  self-government in the colonies benefited both
  sides (!).
• Britain France fought a series of costly wars
  between 1689 - 1763 relationship changed.
• King George III Tyrant!

29
The French-Indian War (1754-1763)

1. What was another name for the French-Indian War?
2. What side did the Native Americans take? The
   colonists?
3. Who won?
4. What did the winners take from the losers?
5. What new problems resulted for the colonists at
   the end of the war?

Simon Kenton
30
Fort Boonesboro, KYFounded by Daniel Boone and
others in April 1775One source of conflict was
that colonists wanted to move west!Here are two
rare photos of pioneer children at work in their
cottage.