Our English Heritage

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Our English Heritage
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King Henry II
Established Common Law (1166 A.D.) Created Trial
by Jury of 12 Peers
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King John Lackland

• Signs Magna Carta (1215)

• Establishes Due Process of Law
• Trials and Punishments by law
• Arrests and Warrants
• - Tax increases must be approved by voters
• - Power shifts from King to House of Lords

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King Henry VIII
sons that survive him

• Has no ____________________
• Asks Pope for a __________
• Pope __________
• Henry splits from Catholic Church, creates the
  Church of England answering to himself
• This leads to a century of bloody Catholic v.
  Protestant conflict

divorce
refuses
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King Charles I
Petition of Right - expands and strengthens
Magna Carta rights - freedoms from unreasonable
search and seizure - prohibition against
quartering of troops in homes
DENIED BY KING
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Lord Protector, Oliver Cromwell

• Oliver Cromwell v. Charles I and II and the
  English Civil War
• Cromwell the Puritans v. Catholic Kings
  Charles I II

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The Constitutional (and Puritan) Government of
Oliver Cromwell

• Puritans depose and execute Charles I
• written constitution for government
• elected republic instead of King, with Cromwell
  elected as Lord Protector of England
• King Charles II restored after death of Cromwell
  and years of blood and violence

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The Glorious Revolution (1688)

• Parliament votes out King James II and votes in
  William and Mary
• In exchange for being made King and Queen, they
  sign away power in the English Bill of Rights

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• English Bill of Rights
• Power shifts from King and House of Lords to
  House of Commons
• King cannot without Parliaments consent
• suspend laws
• raise taxes
• maintain an army
• interfere in elections
• inflict cruel and unusual punishments
• impose excessive fines or bail
• people given the right to a speedy trial
• jury composed of peers
• right to petition the government

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• John Locke
• all men are created equal
• life, liberty, and property
• government only legitimate when people agree to
  be governed

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• Colonial Government

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• Pilgrims
• Mayflower Compact (1620)

In the name of God, Amen. We whose names are
underwriten, the loyal subjects of our dread
sovereign Lord King James by the grace of God, of
Great Britaine, Franc, Ireland King, Defender
of the Faith, etc. Hving undertaken, for the
glory of God, and advancement of the Christian
faith and honour of our King country, a voyage
to plant the first colony in the Northern parts
of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly
mutualy in the presence of God, and one of
another, covenant combine our selves together
into a civil body politic, for our better
ordering preservation furtherance of the ends
aforesaid and by virtue hearof to enact,
constitute, and frame such just equal laws,
ordinances, Acts, constitutions, offices, from
time to time, as shall be thought most meet
convenient for the general good of the Colony,
unto which we promise all due submission and
obedience. In witness wherof we have hereunder
subscribed our names at Cape Cod the 11 of
November, in the year of the reign of our
sovereign Lord King James, of England, France,
Ireland the Eighteenth, and of Scotland the Fifty
Fourth. Anno Domine 1620.
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• Religious laws
• Loyalty to King
• House of Burgesses (1619, Virginia Colony)
• First elected government in America

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• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
• Elected government
• Term limits
• Limited government
• Areligious
• Colonial Charters
• Separation of powers
• Self-government, but override by King possible

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The American Revolution
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French Indian War
Proclamation of 1763
Various Taxes
Sugar Act Stamp Act Townshend Acts
Tea Act
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Boston Massacre !
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Boston Tea Party
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Intolerable Acts - Quartering Troops - Boston
Shut Down
1st Continental Congress
Boycott and Embargo
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Lexington and Concord 1775
The Shot Heard Round the World
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2nd Continental Congress (1776)
John Hancock, President
Geo. Washington, Commander-in-Chief
Declaration of Independence
Thomas Paine - Common Sense - The American
Crisis
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The Declaration of Independence
Written by Thomas Jefferson, with a little help
from John Adams and Ben Franklin (and the rest of
Congress) 4 July 1776
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The Articles of Confederation (The FIRST United
States of America)
Created while the American Revolution was underway
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The need for government any government
Colonies wanted 13 separate states, not one nation
Created weak on purpose
- Unicameral legislature
- Confederation, not a nation
- No executive branch

• No judiciary
• No army
• No taxes

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- Amendments required a unanimous vote
- Each state 1 vote - Laws required 9 of 13
states to pass - Took from 1777 to 1781 to
ratify(approve)
NO amendments ever passed
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Land Ordinance of 1785 - solved western
land claims  
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Northwest Ordinance (1787) - established a
process to create territorial governments
- established a process to create new states
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Shays Rebellion (1787) - war debts v. high
taxes - angry farmers war veterans storm
arsenal
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- U.S. government had no army to stop them
- had to beg states to send troops. Many
didnt. - Stopped by Massachusetts Militia
New Constitution needed - James Madison, the
Federalist Papers - Federalists v.
Anti-Federalists o Federalists agreed with new
Constitution, good balance o Anti-Federalists
feared new Constitution was too powerful
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- Virginia Plan of Reps. based on population
- New Jersey Plan 1 vote per state
- Connecticut Compromise do both plans in
bicameral legislature
- 3/5 Compromise how slaves would be counted
towards of Representatives for state, and for
taxes
- 3 branches of government established
- Ratified 17 Sep 1789 - Still functioning today