The Civil War

1
The Civil War Life Behind the Lines
2
Tactics and Technology

• Tactics
• Based on European ways of fighting
• Will slowly change with the new technology
• Technology
• Bullets and Rifles revolutionize war
• More accurate, longer range
• Shells, canisters

3
Politics in the South

• Draft
• Southerners were not reenlisting
• General Lee pushes for a draft
• April 1862, Confederate Congress passes first
  draft law
• White men from 18 to 35 required three year
  service
• Exceptions
• Owners of more than 20 slaves
• Southerners wealthy enough to hire a substitute
• States Rights
• Income Tax
• Seize Slaves
• Seeking help from Europe
• Needed to prove the South could win

4
Politics in the North

• Tensions with Great Britain
• The Trent Affair almost causes war with British
  Canada
• Republicans in control
• Financial Measures
• 1861, first federal income tax
• Greenbacks
• Emergency Wartime Actions
• Martial Law
• Draft
• White males from 20 to 45
• Pay 300 to get out
• Opposition to the War
• Riots protesting draft
• Copperheads
• Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus
• 13,000 imprisoned

5
Emancipation and the War

• Lincoln and slavery
• Originally only wanted to preserve the Union
• Did not think he had the right to abolish slavery
• Ending slavery became a war strategy
• The Emancipation Proclamation
• January 1, 1863, slaves in areas of rebellion
  against the government would be free
• Reaction to the Proclamation
• South angry, abolitionists feel not strong enough
• Northerners fear slaves would move north
• Support from Europe
• Allowed African Americans to serve in the military

6
African-Americans Fight

• Contraband
• Slaves became property of the Union government
• Government then freed them
• African American Soldiers
• Gained ability to fight after the proclamation
• Originally in all black regiments under a white
  officer

7
The Hardships of War

• Southern Economy
• Food production declines
• Planters refused to stop growing cotton
• Industry increased
• Inflation
• Northern Economy
• Most northern industries were helped by the war
• Women fill jobs
• Profiteering
• Prison Camps
• Andersonville, Georgia

8
The Hardships of War

• Medical Conditions
• Attempt to curve disease
• Disease killed most of the people who died in the
  war
• Clara Barton
• Creates the Red Cross
• The United States Sanitary Commission

9
The Gettysburg Address

• Dedication of cemetery to honor Union soldiers
• November 19, 1863
• Edward Everett speaks
• Lincoln speaks (2 minutes)
• New definition of the United States

10
The Gettysburg Address

• Four score and seven years ago our fathers
  brought forth on this continent a new nation,
  conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the
  proposition that all men are created equal.
• Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing
  whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived
  and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on
  a great battle-field of that war. We have come to
  dedicate a portion of that field, as a final
  resting place for those who here gave their lives
  that that nation might live. It is altogether
  fitting and proper that we should do this.
• But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicatewe
  can not consecratewe can not hallowthis ground.
  The brave men, living and dead, who struggled
  here, have consecrated it, far above our poor
  power to add or detract. The world will little
  note, nor long remember what we say here, but it
  can never forget what they did here. It is for us
  the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the
  unfinished work which they who fought here have
  thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us
  to be here dedicated to the great task remaining
  before us that from these honored dead we take
  increased devotion to that cause for which they
  gave the last full measure of devotion that we
  here highly resolve that these dead shall not
  have died in vain that this nation, under God,
  shall have a new birth of freedom and that
  government of the people, by the people, for the
  people, shall not perish from the earth.

11
Election of 1864

• Lincoln fears losing
• Andrew Johnson named Vice-President candidate
• Democrat from Tennessee
• Democrats nominate George McClellan
• With Sherman taking Atlanta, Lincoln easily wins
• Thirteenth Amendment
• Passed in February of 1865 and ratified on
  December 6, 1865
• Ended slavery in the U.S.

12
Election of 1864 Map
13
Lincolns Assassination

• John Wilkes Booth leads failed kidnapping plot
• Booth leads plan to kill General Grant, Vice
  President Johnson, Secretary of State Seward, and
  President Lincoln
• April 14, 1865
• Fords Theater in Washington, D.C.
• Booth mortally wounds Lincoln
• Died the next morning
• Booth killed in a tobacco warehouse in Virginia